imaging Procesures

Question 1

Agents used for esophagram

Answer 1

Barium - dilute, if esophagus is enlarged. If not use thick paste.

Use organic iodides if perforation is suspected

Question 2

Preparation for esophogram

Answer 2

Nonrequired

Question 3

Procedure for esophogram

Answer 3

Take radiographs(usually fluoroscopy) well patient is swallowing

Placed in lateral and further positions as required

Question 4

Agents used for upper G.I. study and lower G.I. study

Answer 4

Barium

Question 5

 Preparation’s for upper G.I. study

Answer 5

Empty G.I. tract through fasting and enema

Take survey radiographs

Double contrast stomach wall. The use of positive media contrast followed by air.

Question 6

Procedure for upper G.I. study

Answer 6

Administer barium through tube

for first 15 min-Position and left then right lateral, and then VD/DV for immediate gastrogram

For the remainder of the study patient will be placed in right and left lateral and then VD until barium is in colon and out of stomach

Question 7

Possible complications for upper G.I. study

Answer 7

Aspiration - must insert mouthgag, then insert tube and making sure the animal swallows twice

Do not use barium, if suspected perforations 

Question 8

Agents used for barium enema

Answer 8

Barium is suspected rupture use iodine

Question 9

Preparation’s for barium enema

Answer 9

Sedate or anesthetize patient

24 hour fast

Warm water, enemas no soap if needed to clean out G.I.

Survey radiographs

Question 10

Procedure for barium enema

Answer 10

Animal placed in lateral and insert a Foley catheter into rectum and inflate balloon

Give light tug to make sure it won’t come out

Inject barium into catheter and radiograph immediately

Question 11

Agents used for pneumocolonogram

Answer 11

Room air
CO2 or an O2 if suspected rupture

Question 12

Preparation’s for pneumocolonogram

Answer 12

Survey radiographs to make sure colon is free of fecal material

Question 13

Procedure for pneumocolonogram

Answer 13

 Place animal and lateral

Insert large Foley catheter and inflate balloon

Inject air into colon and radiograph immediately

Question 14

Possible complications for pneumocolonogram

Answer 14

Overinflation

Question 15

Cystogram agents used 

Answer 15

For negative contrast air

Positive contrast, Iodinated contrast diluted to 50% solution

Question 16

Preparation’s for positive and double contrast cystogram

Answer 16

Survey radiographs

Sedation of patient

G.I. tract empty

Clean genitals before procedure

Question 17

Procedure for double and positive contrast cystogram

Answer 17

Please Foley catheter into bladder,

inflate balloon

remove urine

inject 5 to 10 mL of iodinated contrast and rotate animal to coat entire bladder

Inject air and palpate bladder to avoid overinflating

Radiograph lateral and obliques

Question 18

Procedure for negative contrast cystogram

Answer 18

After survey radiographs

Place Foley catheter injector at a dose of 3 to 5 cc into effect on bladder, feels distended or you get back pressure on syringe

Take radiographs lateral, and VD or obliques

Question 19

Agents used for myelogram

Answer 19

Non-ionic contrast 45 mL per kilogram of iohexol of a 240 MGL solution

Question 20

Preparations for myelogram

Answer 20

Survey, radiograph, anesthesia,

Call legs cranially, securing with sandbags or tape

Shave area around L5 to 6, and perform surgical scrub

Question 21

Procedure for myelogram

Answer 21

Play spinal needle in subarachnoid space with bevel pointing forward

Slowly, inject contrast

After removing needle, take laterals, and VDs

Question 22

Special note for horse myelogram

Answer 22

Make sure to elevate head so the contrast doesn’t go to the head and cause horse to seize

Question 23

Agents used in excretory urogram

Answer 23

400 mg per pound of iodinated contrast

Question 24

Preparation’s for excretory urogram

Answer 24

Patient is fasted overnight

Cephalic catheter placed -two if animal is over 40 pounds

Survey, radiographs taken

Check if feces is present - if so, animal should have enema prior to procedure

Question 25

Risks or contraindications for excretory urogram

Answer 25

Severe renal compromise and dehydration ensure patient receives fluids during procedure

Question 26

Procedure for excretory urogram

Answer 26

Place a Animal in VD and inject contrast as quickly as possible Take immediate radiographs after injection arterial phase take one minute films nephrogram phase then five minutes kidney pelvises then 15 minutes kidney, ureter and bladder It’s looking for ectopic ureters fill bladder with air prior to injecting

Question 27

Agents used for urethrogram

Answer 27

Iodinated. Contrast. Give half of dosage at a time 5 mL for cats 10 for a small dog 20 for medium dog 30 for large dogs

Question 28

Preparation’s for urethrogram

Answer 28

Survey, radiographs, Patient sedated or anesthetized Butt shot for male dogs Sterilize, prepuce or a vagina

Question 29

Procedure for urethrogram

Answer 29

Placed Foley catheter in tip of urethra and inflate balloon inject contrast radiograph immediately