imaging studyguide

Question 1

CR

Answer 1

computed radiography

Question 2

DR

Answer 2

digital radiography

Question 3

ultrasound

Answer 3

sound waves; diagnosing discrete abnormalities

Question 4

CT

Answer 4

computed tomography; rotating x-ray tube with more shades of gray

Question 5

MRI

Answer 5

magnetic resonance imaging; uses magnets; soft tissues using radio waves and hydrogen nuclei properties of cell

Question 6

radiation therapy

Answer 6

using ionizing radiation to kill or control growth of malignant cells

Question 7

nuclear medicine

Answer 7

radioactive material in body to see how organs and tissue function or to target diseased organs and tissue

Question 8

radiopaque

Answer 8

doesn’t penetrate; positive media

Question 9

radiolucent

Answer 9

penetrates; negative media

Question 10

biological half-life

Answer 10

time taken for concentration of a biological substance to decrease from its max concentration to half

Question 11

cumulative dose (radiation)

Answer 11

total amount of radiation exposure

Question 12

collimator

Answer 12

beam restrictor with lead grids to reduce amount of scatter radiation; restricts field

Question 13

fluoroscopy

Answer 13

live motion movie of what’s going on; medical procedure that makes a video of movements inside body by passing x-rays through the body

Question 14

FFD

Answer 14

40 inches
focal film distance
focal spot to film

Question 15

background radiation

Answer 15

radiation from the environment

Question 16

dosimeter

Answer 16

radiation monitor badge

Question 17

iodinated water-soluble compounds

Answer 17

contrast agent that enhances the visibility of vascular structures and organs

Question 18

surgery radiograph

Answer 18

radiographs prior to procedure (scout radiographs); baseline radiographs

Question 19

5 levels of opacities in order

Answer 19

air
fat
soft tissue/fluid
bone
metal

Question 20

esophagram

Answer 20

esophagus; liquid barium

Question 21

upper GI

Answer 21

stomach and small intestine; liquid barium

Question 22

barium enema

Answer 22

colon; barium paste

Question 23

pneumocolongram

Answer 23

air into colon

Question 24

cystogram

Answer 24

bladder; omnipaque

Question 25

excretory urogram (IVP)

Answer 25

kidneys; omnipaque

Question 26

myelogram

Answer 26

spine; omnipaque

Question 27

urethogram

Answer 27

urethra; omnipaque

Question 28

kVp

Answer 28

kilovoltage peak; penetrating power; contrast - amount of gray

Question 29

mAs

Answer 29

milliampere-seconds; density - blackness on film

Question 30

grid

Answer 30

thin lead strips to absorb primary radiation

Question 31

intensifying screen

Answer 31

thin layer of crystals which are used in pairs in a cassette to reduce radiation exposure required; helps with detail

Question 32

cassettes/screen speeds

Answer 32

hold and protect x-ray film in normal light

Question 33

anode

Answer 33

positively charged terminal in x-ray tube containing target and tungsten plate

Question 34

cathode

Answer 34

negative terminal of x-ray tube where electrons are eliminated

Question 35

calipers

Answer 35

a device used to measure anatomical part being radiographed

Question 36

bucky tray

Answer 36

metal sliding tray under xray tube that holds film

Question 37

thorax landmarks

Answer 37

thoracic inlet to tip of lung (coxophrenic angle); peak inspiration

Question 38

abdomen landmarks

Answer 38

coxofemoral joints to dome of diaphragm

Question 39

spine landmarks

Answer 39

include all vertebra for that spine

Question 40

extremities landmarks

Answer 40

joint above to joint below

Question 41

pelvis landmarks

Answer 41

coxofemoral joints to include whole femur OFA- includes patellas

Question 42

required protective equipment

Answer 42

lead gloves lead apron thyroid shield dosimetry badge

Question 43

ALARA

Answer 43

as low as reasonably achievable; making every reasonable effort to maintain exposures to radiation as far below the dose limits as practical; safer to be exposed for longer times

Question 44

esophagram prep

Answer 44

- scout films - no sedation

Question 45

upper GI prep

Answer 45

- fast overnight - enema night before and 1-2 hours before procedure - scout films

Question 46

barium enema prep

Answer 46

- sedate - 24 hour fast - warm water enemas only - scout films

Question 47

pneumocolongram prep

Answer 47

- scout films

Question 48

cystogram prep

Answer 48

- sedated - empty GI - clean prepuce or vagina

Question 49

excretory urogram prep

Answer 49

- fast overnight - catheter - scout film - enema before - complication: severe renal compromise and hydration

Question 50

myelogram prep

Answer 50

- anesthesia - complication: infection

Question 51

urethrogram prep

Answer 51

- sedate - empty GI - clean prepuce or vagina

Question 52

common complication with all procedures

Answer 52

if suspected rupture, don't administer contrast media

Question 53

film too light

Answer 53

- technique too low - measured wrong or FFD too far

Question 54

film too dark

Answer 54

- technique too high - measured wrong or FFD too close

Question 55

kissing defects

Answer 55

wet, undeveloped films stuck together - develop fully and dry first

Question 56

grid cut off

Answer 56

Bucky tray not pushed in or lined up

Question 57

motion

Answer 57

- patient moving - machine moved

Question 58

film fog

Answer 58

- too much scatter radiation - collimated too big - film too old - collimate down

Question 59

automatic processor roller marks

Answer 59

too much pressure on roller

Question 60

white specks on film

Answer 60

- dirty cassettes or fingernails - clean beforehand

Question 61

review anatomy power point

Answer 61

go do it