IMM 1 gut immunity ....

Question 1

Homeostasis in gut preserved by?

oral tolerance? depends on?

what promotes oral tolerance?

food allergy considered consequence of?

may underlie food allergen sensitization? where?

Answer 1

Question 2

gut immunity

why is gut vulnerable?

what does this mean for the intestinal immune system?

Answer 2

Question 3

exposures in early life, infant gut microbiota and future health?

early-life exposures?

symbiosis?

dysbiosis?

gut microbiota contrib to development of?

disruption causes?

Answer 3

Question 4

microflora and GALT?

Answer 4

Question 5

Microflora role in development GALT

GALT consists of?

What are ILFs what do they do?

Microbes and peyer’s patches

MAMPS stim what? also release of what?

Answer 5

Question 6

immune response againse commensal microflora

how common commensal?

reside where?

can be killed by?

penetrate where? killed by?

survivors?

induce?

live bacteria and LNs

so how would B and T cells interact?

Answer 6

Question 7

microflora health and disease

which cells associated with inflammation/Crohn’s?

Homeostasis?

allergy/food?

what do they release?

Answer 7

Question 8

what comprise the mucosal firewall?

what does it do?

steps of microbes at the gut on?

Answer 8

Question 9

relationship between microbiota, immune system, and diet

malnutrition affects?

microbiota acts as what barrier?

undernutrition?

recurrent infections predispose to?

Answer 9

Question 10

SCFAs

come from?

these do what?

Answer 10

Question 11

Immune tolerance?

oral tolerance?

failure results in?

Answer 11

Question 12

central vs peripheral tolerance?

Answer 12

Question 13

need for peripheral tolerance to antigens in intestine

why not central?

Answer 13

Question 14

of critical importance in oral tolerance?

4 steps?

critical importance molecules do what?

Answer 14

Question 15

tow main adverse food reactions?

non-toxic pathogenic mechanisms both?

Non-immune-mediated?

immune-mediated?

Answer 15

Question 16

whats a food allergy?

two groups reactions?

IgE vs non-IgE?

delayed?

Answer 16

Question 17

IgE associated appear when?

this is called?

first contact?

second?

Answer 17

Question 18

Relactivation of what cell is central in food energy?

releases what?

causes what?

(tryptase)?

Answer 18

release of mast-derived mediators such as histamine causes increase in vascular perm. and resulting exudation likely contains C3 and C5 (complement)

Tryptase from mast cells act on C3 and 5 to locally generate C3a and C5a which activate mast cells to further exacerbate the symptoms

Question 19

Treg cells and role in tolerance to allergens

Answer 19

Question 20

diet and environment on allergic sensitization

Vit D,A, folate?

high-fat?

gut microbiota

IgE?

microbiota suppress?

iTregs suppress?

Answer 20

increased Th2= allergy

Question 21

common food allergies?

most common?

3-5 years what happens?

into adulthood?

common but not severe?

Answer 21

Question 22

peanut allergy cascade?

Answer 22

Question 23

peanuts and nuts can contribute to what reaction?

by?

this stimulates?

which release? which increases?

Answer 23

Question 24

allergy tested?

Answer 24

skin prick (more sensitive)

blood test (test for IgE to specific food tested)

neither conclusive need also history to choose.

level of IgE doesn’t predict severity

gold standard is double blind oral food challenge

Question 25

systemic and local food allergy

Answer 25

Question 26

anaphylactic reactions what type of reaction? what is it? result from what as a result of events mediated by what? effects? highly sensitive can have response to?

Answer 26

peanuts, tree nuts, seeds, seafood, spices, celery, eggs, mild and some fruit

Question 27

Non IgE mediated food allergy (T-Cell mediated) what type? major tirggers? what type of injury? caused by what?

Answer 27

delayed up to 48 hours

Question 28

non IgE-mediated food allergy (complement)

Answer 28

Question 29

cow's milk allergy is what mediated? high percentage show no what? skin prick test? in this situation what kind of hypersensitivity?

Answer 29

Question 30

Peanut allergy mediated? other than IgE what else?

Answer 30

Question 31

Food intolerance is what? other types?

Answer 31

Question 32

types of causes for food intolerance

Answer 32

Question 33

Celiac disease predisposing factor? mostly express? these have what kind of response? general population have this? what else is involved? hallmark of CD? specifically associated with this disease? stong link with?

Answer 33

Question 34

Ag processing and presentation? MHC II found on? Ags taken up by? protein Ags undergo? loaded into? Ag-free MHC expression?

Answer 34

Question 35

Gluten is what-rich? digestion? rich in what residues? deamidated by? what is deaminated? results in formation of? Cd patients express?

Answer 35

* proline-rich * poorly digested (lack of prolyl endopeptidases) * rich in glutamine res peptides 10-50 formed left undigested * some of the gultamines damidated by tissue enzyme TG2 * this results in formation of negatively charged glutamic acid residues

Question 36

Gluten Gluten-specific Th() cells are generated tissue damage occurs in what hypersensitivity? release of what? development of.what? autoantigen in CD? B cells? leads to?

Answer 36

Question 37

TG2 Abs isotypes? assaying used in? specificity? previous diagnosis of CD needed?

Answer 37

Question 38

overview pathogenesis of celiac disease gluten peptides resistant to? what creates potent immunostimulatory epitopes? presented via? CD4 T cells secrete what? which inducces release of? by? resulting in? Th2 drive production of? what helps maintain Th1 response? what links in innate immune response?

Answer 38

Question 39

Who to test (3) how to test recommended start? no longer used? what else? confirm with?

Answer 39

Question 40

Genetic testing All have CD associated with? how much for each? use test of these to do what?

Answer 40