Immigrants and refugees Flashcards
(32 cards)
According to Battle (2018), there are three concerns SLPs must address
the lack of experience SLPs have with immigrant and refugees; the 3 phases refugees go through (pre-migration, migration, and post-migration; more time and resources are needed to support them
What is a refugee?
A person residing in a country they were not born in upon leaving a country they were born in because of persecution or fear of persecution. Such a person must apply for a green card (i.e., lawful permanent resident) status one year after being admitted.
What is an asylee?
A refugee who wants admission into another country but is not legally considered an immigrant, so they are not given protection. After one year of asylum, they can then apply for a green card.
What is a migrant?
a person who lives in a country that they were not born or not originally from because of temporary work
What is an immigrant?
a person who enters a new country and intends on settling there permanently. Examples include asylees or refugees; illegal individuals; naturalized citizens; lawful permanent residents; people on work or student visas (considered legal immigrants)
Who is responsible for recording the number of displaced people?
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
How many people are currently displaced?
Over 60 million people and more than half of them are children
Where do most immigrants in the U.S. come from?
In order to highest percentage to lowest percentage:
Mexico, China, India, Philippines, and El Salvador
Most refugees come from these three countries (in order to highest percentage to lowest)
DR Congo; Myanmar; Ukraine
What occurs during the first phase of migration (i.e., pre-migration)?
anticipation of migration; great level of stress; children may be forced to serve as soldiers; threats to safety of self, family, and friends; enduring turmoil from a disordered environment; uncertainty and pressures of organized violence and little basic rights; exposed to much rape, torture, physical harm, anxiety, and depression.
What occurs during the second phase of migration?
lots of upheaval and uncertainty; inadequate food, shelter, water, and safety are a concern; adults may be so stressed that they cannot care for their children enough, which can cause children to develop behavior problems; they may end up in detention centers or refugee camps and stay there for a long time. The longer they stay in refugee camps, the more likely they will develop mental health issues.
What occurs during the third phase of migration (i.e., post-migration)?
Mixed feelings, such as survivor guilt, may arise; cultural bereavement: they grieve the loss of their culture, country, family, friends, home, and possessions; profound sense of loss; children may learn the new language faster than parents, so they often act as interpreters; parents may not know about academic qualifications and they may not get employed; if they do get employed, they may not earn much. Lots of stress learning the customs of a new culture and there is a huge financial burden and stress
What are the 7 biggest challenges immigrants and refugees face in the U.S.?
Learning the language; finding employment; access to housing; access to services; transportation; raising their children and giving them education; overcoming cultural barriers
What must an SLP consider when thinking about education of refugees and immigrants?
language; interrupted school; inconsistent provision of services; records of prior schooling lost or not available
According to the UNHCR, how many children did not attend school?
3.5 million
When are migrants and refugees with disabilities identified?
During healthcare screenings.
What are the major factors for learning problems among refugee children?
Parents misunderstand educational styles and expectations; racial discrmination; bullying; forced detention; teacher stereotyping and low expectations; trauma from pre-migration and post-migration
What are major resource factors for school success among refugee children?
successful acculturation; cohesive family and supportive home environment; family involvement; high academic and life ambition; successful school transition; teacher understanding of cultural and linguistic heritage; successful peer relationships; gift and sacrifice narrative; accurate educational assessment and grade placement;
What is one of the main reasons that many immigrant students drop out of school
They must work
What is one of the main reasons that many immigrant girls drop out of high school?
They must get married as arranged by their families.
What are barriers to SLPs serving immigrants and refugees?
access and availability of trained bilingual staff; lack of bilingual assessments; understanding of mental health resources; lack of cultural training and awareness of diverse cultural and experiential background of their clients
What are language and literacy strategies for refugee children in the schools?
teaching language directly and explicitly; attention to comprehension input; scaffolding; focus on meta skills and on critical thinking and creativity skills.
What are educational problems that refugees and immigrant children experience?
They may arrive home and their parent(s) may not be there due to being taken away by immigration; many of them have never been in school before; many of them are not invited into established groups and are stigmatized and called F.O.B. (Fresh off the boat); lack of translators and interpretors to facilitate communication; many of them must work and some girls are placed into arranged marriages. They may struggle to learn English and make slow progress on standardized tests too. Parents are disappointed that they do not know the home language.
According to immigrant students, how can they best be supported?
Provide them with many opportunities to practice, such as giving homework and provide them with support. Use technology, pictures, and writing out explanations to help them understand concepts. Emphasize that it matters that they cooperate with students who speak the same language as them. Review previous lesson material as well. Have a positive attitude.
