Immigration

Question 1

Mexican percentage of FB

Answer 1

28%

Question 2

of immigrants in US (2015)

Answer 2

43 million

Question 3

FB percentage of US pop

Answer 3

14%

Question 4

FB percentage of Canada pop

Answer 4

21%

Question 5

Illegal as %age of FB (USA)

Answer 5

28%

Question 6

Number of illegal immigrants in US

Answer 6

11 million

Question 7

Mexican %age of illegal immigrants

Answer 7

52%

Question 8

Hispanic %age of illegal immigrants

Answer 8

76%

Question 9

%age of illegals with no high school

Answer 9

75%

Question 10

Main US immigration problems (7)

Answer 10

1. Large undocumented numbers
2. Low skilled
3. Unclear if there’s upward mobility
4. Human K loss - foreign students
5. Shortage of specific skilled workers
6. Shortage of home care workers
7. Not transparent or flexible

Question 11

Main Canadian immigration issues (6)

Answer 11

1. Poor economic outcomes recently
2. Retention of foreign students
3. Provincial nomination programs
4. temp workers replacing Canadian workers
5. Refugee system poorly managed
6. Years long wait time

Question 12

Last major US reform

Answer 12

1986 - Immigration Reform and Control Act (IRCA):

• Provided amnesty for 3 million undocumented
• Made it illegal to employ undocumented
• A blank slate…but illegal imm’s up to 12 million by 2006

Question 13

Effects of brain drain in sending country

Answer 13

1. Drop in demand. S drops, but also D (so drop in output)
2. Rising income inequality
3. Fiscally:
   (a) drop in savings. Ppl leave before saving age
   (b) loss of the investment in education (sunk and future)

Question 14

Remittances (as development) facts

Answer 14

1. More stable than other aid, esp. FDI
2. About 3x ODA. In S. America, 6x ODA
3. $450b to developing world, $600b total
4. To be aid, $ must be spent domestically
5. Usually goes to construction sector
6. Can provide public goods thru HOAs
7. WB principle: shouldn’t be taxed
8. Should be complement to other aid, not substitute

Question 15

US naturalization rate

Answer 15

50%

Question 16

Canada Gini

Answer 16

.33

Question 17

1982 S.C. case

Answer 17

You can’t deny public school for children of illegal immigrants. Has evolved into many more benefits for illegal immigrants

Question 18

Typical US refugee quota vs. Trump admin quota

Answer 18

normally 60-70k, now 40k

Question 19

Definition of refugee (UNHCR)

Answer 19

A person who, owing to a well-founded fear of being persecuted, for reasons of race, religion, nationality, or membership of a particular social group or political opinion, is outside the country of his nationality and is unable to, or owing to such fear, is unwilling to avail himself of the protection of that country.

Question 20

4 acceptable tools of development

Answer 20

1. Official development aid (ODA)
2. FDI
3. Trade as aid
4. Remittances

Question 21

Lee’s 7 characteristics of migrants

Answer 21

1. Migrants are selective - not a random sampling
2. Those due to “push” factors are negatively selected
3. Due to “pull” factors positively selected
4. Selection is bimodal - people come for strong positive or negative reasons
5. Positive selection increases with difficulty of intervening obstacles
6. People migrate at certain stages in life
7. Migrant characteristics tend to be intermediate b/w origin and destination countries

Question 22

Annual entry of undocumented in US

Answer 22

400k

Question 23

%age of LPRs that are adjusted status in US

Answer 23

45%

Question 24

Lofstram immigration entrepreneurship

Answer 24

Immigrants are entrepreneurial (more so than native pop), but self-employment hasn’t been shown to lead to widespread improvements in economic gains. Many business owners are low skilled with low income.

Policymakers should focus on education and skills as entry criteria, rather than on visas that will promote entrepreneurs

Question 25

3 Frameworks of migration

Answer 25

1. Push-Pull (Lee, intervening factors) 2. Classical model - wage differentials or job opportunities 3. Human K investment model

Question 26

Benefits of a points system

Answer 26

1. Flexible. Can change based on needs at the time 2. Transparent. People know exactly what qualities are valued and can't call foul 3. Calms the public and gives them a sense that things are under control

Question 27

Causes of high naturalization rates

Answer 27

1. Higher education, more skilled, more income 2. Married w/ children slightly higher 3. English language very important. But not speaking English at home 4. Further the distance, greater natz 5. Dual citizenship not very important