Immigration Flashcards
(158 cards)
1
Q
When did migration form the Caribbean especially occur?
A
1950s
2
Q
What group particularly migrated in the 1950s?
A
Caribbeans
3
Q
What group particularly migrated in the 1960s
A
People from Pakistan and India
4
Q
When did immigrants from Pakistan and India arrive in Britain?
A
1960s
5
Q
When did Asians from Kenya arrive in Britain?
A
1967
6
Q
What happened in Kenya in 1967?
A
Kenyatta pressured Asians to leave
7
Q
When did Kenyatta pressure Asians to leave Kenya?
A
1967
8
Q
What was the impact of Kenyatta telling Asians to leave Kenya in 1967?
A
Increase in Asian migration in Kenya who had British passports to Britain
9
Q
What act was passed in 1948?
A
British nationality act
10
Q
When was the British nationality act released?
A
1948
11
Q
What was the 1948 British nationality Act?
A
Gave full British citizenship, including the free entry into Britain, to every inhabitant of the Empire and the Commonwealth
12
Q
What gave full British citizenship, including the free entry into Britain, to every inhabitant of the Empire and the Commonwealth?
A
1948 British nationality act
13
Q
In what year was full British citizenship, including the free entry into Britain given to every inhabitant of the Empire and the Commonwealth?
A
1948 British nationality act
14
Q
How many new employees did the London Transport take in 1956?
A
4,000 new employees (mostly Barbados)
15
Q
In what firms were 4,000 people new people employed in 1956?
A
London Transport
16
Q
In what year did London transport take on 4,000 people?
A
1956
17
Q
Where did most of the 4,000 workers that the London Transport took on in 1956 come from?
A
Barbados
18
Q
What arrived in 1948?
A
Steamship Empire Windrush at Tilbury in East London with 492 passengers (mostly male)
19
Q
How many passengers were on the 1948 steamship, Empire Windrush that arrived at Tilbury, East London?
A
492 (mostly male)
20
Q
In what year did the steamship (Empire Windrush) arrive at Tilbury, East London, with 492 passengers?
A
1948
21
Q
What was the name of the steamship that arrived at Tilbury, East London, in 1948 with 492 passengers?
A
Empire Windrush
22
Q
What happened to the 492 passengers when they arrived at Tilbury, East London?
A
Authorities were forced to give the immigrants temporary accommodation in Clapham. They formed the foundations for the immigrant community beside Brixton.
23
Q
How many West Indians were there in 1958?
A
115,000
24
Q
In what year were there 115,000 West Indians?
A
1958
25
How many West Indians were there in 1951?
17,500
26
In what year were there 17,500 West Indians?
1951
27
Of what group were the 115,000 immigrants in 1958?
West Indians
28
By 1959, what was the increase of West Indian per year?
16,000 people per year
29
In what year was the increase in West Indians 16,000 people?
1959
30
In 1958, how many Indians and Pakistanis were there?
55,000
31
In what year were there 55,000 Indians and Pakistanis?
1958
32
Of what group did 55,000 immigrants belong to in 1958?
Indians and Pakistanis
33
In 1949, how many Indians were there in Birmingham?
100
34
In what year were there 100 Indians in Birmingham?
1949
35
In 1949, in what area were there only 100 Indians present?
Birmingham
36
In 1959, how many arrivals were there in Birmingham from Pakistan and India?
3,000
37
In what year was there the arrival of 3,000 immigrants to Birmingham from India and Pakistan?
1959
38
In 1959, where did 3,000 migrants that went to Birmingham arrive from?
Pakistan and India
39
How many west Africans were there in 1958?
25,000
40
In what year were there 25,000 West Africans?
1958
41
In 1958, of what group did 25,000 of the immigrants lie in?
West African
42
What was the trend of migration from West Africa?
Mostly students which had began in the inter-war years and this accelerated after 1945
43
Who had students that migrated during the interwar years and then migration accelerated after 1945?
West Africans
44
How many Cypriots were there in 1958?
10,000
45
In what year were there 10,000 Cypriots?
1958
46
In 1958, what group had 10,000 people?
Cypriots
47
Why were their Cypriots in England?
Fled the war from 1955-59
48
What was the impact of war in 1955-59 in Cyprus?
Lead to increased migration in Britain (10,000 in 1958)
49
How many Cypriots were there in 1959?
25,000
50
In what year were there 25,000 Cypriots?
1959
51
Where did West Indians particularly live?
London
52
Where did most minorities live?
London
53
In what area did half of West Indians live?
London
54
How many lived in and around Birmingham?
25,000
55
Where did 25,000 live?
In and around Birmingham
56
What groups of migrants mainly lived in Birmingham?
Indians and Pakistanis
57
How many migrants lived in Manchester?
8000
58
Where did 8,000 migrants live?
Manchester
59
How many migrants lived in Liverpool and Leeds?
6,000 in each
60
How many migrants lived in Liverpool?
6,000
61
How many migrants lived in Leeds?
6,000
62
In what area did 6,000 migrants live in?l
Liverpool
| Leeds
63
In what declining textile area did Asians settle?
Oldham
| Bradford
64
Who settled in Bradford and Oldham?
Asians
65
Why did Asians settle in Oldham and Bradford?
Declining textile industries were desperate for cheap unskilled labour
66
In what area was there a declining trade, which caused a desperate need for unskilled and cheap workers?
Oldham and Bradford
67
What was the worries regarding national minorities?
Dilution of British culture and national identity
| Protect houses and jobs
68
Where did immigrants find themselves?
Poorest parts in the least desirable parts of town
69
What gang attacked black people in 1958?
Teddy boy
70
What did gangs of ‘Teddy boy’ do in 1958?
Attacking black people
71
When did ‘Teddy boy’ gangs attack black people?
1958
72
What was the impact of the ‘Teddy boy’ gang attacks on black people in 1958?
Riots broke out in Nottingham and Notting hill
73
What did a 1962 survey show?
90% of the British population supported legislation to curb immigration
80% agreed that there were too many immigrants in Britain already
74
What survey showed that 90% of the British population supported legislation to curb immigration and 80% agreed that there were too many immigrants in Britain already?
1962 survey
75
In the 1962 survey, what percentage of the population supported legislation to curb immigration?
90%
76
In the 1962 survey, what did 90% of the British population support?
Legislation to curb immigration
77
In a 1962 survey, what did 80% of the population believe?
Too many immigrants in Britain already
78
In a 1962 survey, what did 80% of the population believe?
Too many immigrants
79
What happened between 1960-62?
More migrants arrived to Britain than in the whole 20th century
80
What was the immigration per year between 1962-65?
50,000 per year
81
When was the immigration 50,000 per year?
1962-65
82
What was the. British black population in 1967?
1 million
83
When were there 1 million Black people in Britain?
1967
84
Who was Oswald Mosley?
Former leader of the British union of Fascists
85
Who was the leader of the British union of Fascists?
Oswald Mosley
86
What was founded in 1948?
Union movement
87
When was the union movement founded?
1948
88
What was Oswald Mosley’s stance in the 1959 election?
Anti-immigration platform
89
Who stood on an anti-immigration platform in the 1959 election in Kensington North?
Oswald Mosley
90
In what election did Oswald Mosley stand on an anti-immigration platform?
1959 election in Kensington North
91
In the 1959 election in Kensington North, how did the Union movement show their anti-immigration stance?
Featured black people entering Britain holding spears
Slogans such as ‘Stop coloured immigration’ and ‘Houses for white people’
Spread stories about the criminality and bad behaviour of immigrants
92
In the 1959 election in Kensington North, what did the pamphlets the union movement spread contain pictures of?
Featured black people entering Britain holding spears
93
When did the union movement spread Pamphlets featuring black people entering Britain holding spears?
In the 1959 election in Kensington North
94
When did the union movement use slogans like ‘Stop coloured immigration’ and ‘Houses for white people’?
In the 1959 election in Kensington North
95
When did the union movement spread stories about the criminality and bad behaviour of immigrants?
In the 1959 election in Kensington North
96
Who had slogans such as ‘Stop coloured immigration’ and ‘Houses for white people’ in the 1959 election in Kensington North?
Union movement
97
Who spread stories about the criminality and bad behaviour of immigrants in the 1959 election in Kensington North?
Union movement
98
Who spread stories about the criminality and bad behaviour of immigrants in the 1959 election in Kensington North?
Union movement
99
What percentage of vote did the union movement receive in the 1959 election in Kensington?
8.1
100
Who received 8.1% of the vote in the 1959 election in Kensington?
Union movement
101
What did a survey in 1965 show?
One in five would object to working with a Black or Asian person
Half would refuse to live next door to a person of colour
Nine out of ten disapproved of mixed raced marriages
102
In a 1965 survey, what proportion disapproved of mixed race marriages?
Nine out of ten
103
In a 1965 survey, what proportion would object to working with a Black or Asian person?
One in five
104
In a 1965 survey, what proportion would refuse to live next door to a person of colour?
Half
105
In a 1965 survey, what did 9 out of ten of people disapprove of?
Disapproved of mixed race marriages
106
In what survey showed that 9 out of 10 people disapproved of mixed race marriages?
1965
107
In a 1965 survey, what did half refuse to do?
Live next door to a coloured person
108
In a 1965 survey, what did one in five refuse to do?
Work with a black or Asian person
109
In what survey showed that half disapproved of living next to a person of colour?
1965
110
What survey showed that one in five would refuse to work with a Black or Asian person?
1965
111
What was formed in Birmingham 1960?
Birmingham Immigration Control
112
When was the Birmingham Immigration Control formed?
1960
113
What was the role of the Birmingham Immigration Control?
Put pressure on the conservative MPs in the West Midlands to push for political action to prevent migration
114
Who put pressure on the conservative MPs in the West Midlands to push for political action to prevent migration?
Birmingham Immigration Control
115
Where were racist attitudes strongest?
Working class communities that lived near migrant communities
116
What happened to Bengalis who had settled in East London?
Subject to violence
Food thrown at them
School children hurt on their way to school
Not safe to go shopping or wait at the bus stop
117
What community in East London was subject to violence?
Bengalis
118
What happened from Luton to Bradford?
Paki Bashing
119
Where did 'Paki-Bashing' happen?
Luton to Bradford
120
What is 'Paki-Bashing'?
Attacks on anyone with black skin
121
What was the term used for attacking anyone with black skin, that particularly happened from Bradford to Luton?
'Paki-Bashing'
122
What was introduced in 1962?
Commonwealth Immigrants Act
123
When was the Commonwealth Immigrants Act?
1962
124
What was the Commonwealth Immigrants Act
Free immigration ended and a work permit was needed
125
Why was the Commonwealth Immigrants Act introduced in 1962
Control the escalating immigration
126
What was put in place to control the escalating immigration?
1962: Commonwealth Immigrants Act
127
What act caused free immigration to end and a work permits to be needed?
1962: Commonwealth Immigrants Act
128
Who was exempt from the 1962 Commonwealth Immigrants Act?
Irish
129
Who found it easy to get permits after the 1962 Commonwealth Immigrants Act?
White skilled workers
130
How many black people had migrated to Britain 12 months after the 1962 Commonwealth Immigrants Act?
34,500
131
Why did only 34,500 black people migrate to Britain 12 months after the 1962 Commonwealth Immigrants Act?
The act had put a work voucher scheme which meant it was hard for black unskilled workers to gain
132
What did the polls suggest about the 1962 Commonwealth Immigrants Act?
70% public support
133
In what election was immigration a massive issue?
1964 General election
134
What happened in the 1964 general election?
Immigration was a massive issue
135
What British county had the most migration concentration?
Smethwick
136
What was the population of migrants in comparison to the whole population in Smethwick?
6000 recent immigrants out of 70,000
137
Who won the seat of Smethwick in the 1964 general election?
Griffiths
138
What slogan did Griffiths use in order to win the Smethwick seat in the 1964 general election?
'If you want a nigger for a neighbour, vote Labour'
139
Who used the phrase 'If you want a nigger for a neighbour, vote Labour'?
Griffiths in order to win the Smethwick seat in the 1964 general election
140
What did the new labour government do to migration?
Reduced the quota of vouchers for work permits
| Barred children over 16 from entering Britain as a family member
141
What did the Labour government introduce to reduce racial tensions?
1965: Race Relations Act
142
When was the Race Relations Act?
1965
143
What act was passed in 1965?
Race Relations Act
144
What was the 1965 Race Relations Act?
Forbade discrimination in public spaces on the notion of colour, race, ethnic and national origin
145
What forbade discrimination in public spaces on the notion of colour, race, ethnic and national origin?
1965: Race Relations Act
146
What did the 1965 Race Relations Act not include?
Discrimination in housing and employment
| Urging race hatred was not a criminal offence
147
What was set up in 1965?
Race Relations Board
148
When was the Race Relations Board set up?
1965
149
What was the role of the Race Relations Board?
Compiled statistics
Held hearings, but it couldn't call witnesses
Produced reports
150
What board:
Compiled statistics
Held hearings, but it couldn't call witnesses
Produced reports
Race Relations Board
151
How many cases did the Race Relations Board hear?
982 cases but 734 were dismissed
152
Out of the 982 cases the Race Relations Board heard, how many were dismissed?
734
153
What did TV shows begin to feature?
Black people, like Emergency Ward 10 and Z-cards
154
What was the impact of Chinese take-away?
Changed the tastes of the British
155
Who were more easily assimilated?
West Indians who spoke English and were Christians
156
What ethic group was regarded more alien?
Pakistanis and Indians
157
Why were the Pakistanis and Indians regarded as alien?
Worked really hard
Kids performed well in school
Religion prevented them from drinking so they were often excluded from pubs which was central to British culture
158
What happened in a survey in the early 1960s in Nottingham?
87% of Jamaicans said they felt British
| 2% of Indians and Pakistanis said they felt British
