Immigration and Youth Justice; ch. 2, 5

Question 1

immigration

immigration (f)

Answer 1

the process of people establishing homes, and often citizenship, in a country that is not their native country

mouvement de personnes qui entrent dans un pays avec l’intention de s’y établir et de devenir des résidents permanents

Question 2

society

société (f)

Answer 2

A social system where a group of people share a common geographic region, sense of common identity and culture, and who participate in shared political and economic institutions for a communal purpose or interest

groupe de personnes liées par une activité commune ou des intérêts communs

Question 3

refugee

réfugiée (f), réfugié (m)

Answer 3

a person who seeks refuge in another country because of danger or persecution in their home country

personne qui quitte son pays pendant une guerre ou un régime d’opression, pour échapper au danger de la guerre, de l’oppression ou de la persécution

Question 4

rehabilitate

réadapter

Answer 4

to instill positive behaviours and attitudes

encourager une attitude et des comportements positifs

Question 5

reintegrate

réinsérer

Answer 5

to make part of again (part of a group, for example)

faire entrer à nouveau (dans un groupe, par exemple)

Question 6

sentence

peine (f)

Answer 6

a consequence for a crime, such as imprisonment, determined by court of law

condamnation appliquée à titre de punition pour un délit (peine de prison, par exemple) et imposée par un tribunal

Question 7

justice

justice (f)

Answer 7

applying laws

action par laquelle le pouvoir judiciare applique les lois

Question 8

community service

travaux (m) communautaires

Answer 8

help in the community performed as part of a sentence, such as assisting with a community clean-up or food bank

travail effectué dans la communauté à titre de condamnation (travail dans une banque alimentair, peinture ou nettoyage dans un bâtiment public)

Question 9

criminal record

casier (m) judiciare

Answer 9

a permanent record of breaking the law, which is public information. A criminal record can bar you from some jobs, volunteer positions and travel to other countries.

ensemble des renseignments relatifs à l’activité criminelle d’un individu. Un tel casier peut empêcher d’occuper certains emplois ou postes bénévoles, ou de voyager à l’étranger

Question 10

labour force growth

accroissement (m) de la main-d’oeuvre

Answer 10

the growth of the labour force (the number of people who can work)

augmentation du nombre de personnes aptes au travail

Question 11

health insurance

police (f) d’assurance maladie

Answer 11

an agreement by a company to pay for your health services, in exchange for a fee that you pay each month or each year

contrat avec une compagnie qui devra payer des services de santé en échange d’une somme versée sur une base mensuelle ou annuelle

Question 12

demographic

démographique (f)

Answer 12

to do with the characteristics of populations

qui a trait aux caractéristiques des populations

Question 13

what is the purpose of Canada’s Immigration and Refugee Protection Act?

Answer 13

• pursue social, cultural, and economic benefits for all Canadians
• respect the bilingual and multicultural character of Canada
• share the benefits of immigration and support a prosperous economy across all regions of Canada
• promote the successful integration of immigrants into Canadian society

Question 14

What categories and percentages of immigration are contained in Canada’s Immigration and Refugee Protection Act?

Answer 14

• refugees 13%
• family class 28%
• economic immigrants 55%
• other 4%

Question 15

Why does Canada’s workforce need immigration?

Answer 15

Canada’s labour force is shrinking because the amount of people retiring does not equal the amount of people entering the labour force so Canada needs immigration to ensure growth

Question 16

What is the point system for accepting immigrants?

Answer 16

an economic immigrant needs 67 points to qualify for immigration based on different factors. These factors include:
- education
- ability to speak English or French
- work experience
- age
- arranged employment
- adaptability

Question 17

Which categories of immigrants do not have to qualify under the point system?

Answer 17

-family class
-refugees

Question 18

List three health factors that impact qualifying as an immigrant into Canada

Answer 18

• communicable disease that could put Canadians at risk
• mental illness that could put Canadians at risk
• health that could cost a lot to treat such as AIDS or HIV and thus would put demand on Canada’s health services

Question 19

How have Canada’s immigration laws changed over time?

Answer 19

We used to exclude people based on race or country of origin, favouring British ancestry.

This is now not a factor, but other factors are still in place that could make correlations between race and acceptability (such as if you are from a place with many communicable diseases, you are less likely to get into Canada since you have that disease etc.)

Question 20

What is the age range outlined in the YCJA? (Youth Criminal Justice Act that was established in 2003)

Answer 20

12 - 17 years old

Question 21

What is the age range for the CC Of C (Criminal Code of Canada)?

Answer 21

adults (18 and up)

Question 22

What is the YCJA

Answer 22

Youth Criminal Justice Act:
- allows for counselling and community service as consequences
- prohibits adult sentences for 12-14 years old people.
- allows for adult sentences for above those ages, but only for serious crimes
- protects the privacy of young offenders as long as they are not tried as an adult (news media is not allowed to publish names unless they are tried as an adult)
- most young offenders can avoid a criminal record

Question 23

What is the CC Of C?

Answer 23

Criminal Code of Canada
- for adults
- the usual consequence is going to court
- defines sentences which sometimes includes imprisonment
- allows the publication of offenders’ names
- creates a criminal record for most offenders

Question 24

What role do First Peoples elders play in issuing meaningful consequences to youth who commit crimes in their communities?

Answer 24

• youth justice comities exist
• sentencing circles
• breaking a law in a community hurts the whole community
• Elders can use their knowledge and experience to help make decisions based on what is best for everyone in the community

Question 25

What are two Justice Advocacy Groups that you know of? Describe one:

Answer 25

John Howard Society: wants the government to work towards preventing young people turning towards crime by ensuring education, ending poverty, and providing addiction counselling among other solutions

Elizabeth Fry Society: wants the government to ensure that offenders can re-enter society and become better citizens through rehabilitation

Question 26

classes

Answer 26

the system of ordering a society in which people are divided into sets based on perceived social or economic status

Question 27

deportation

Answer 27

With a Deportation Order, you are permanently barred from returning to Canada and cannot return unless you apply for an ARC (Authorization to Return to Canada). If the CBSA (Canada Border Services Agency) paid for your removal from Canada, you must also repay that cost before you are eligible to return

Question 28

economic factors

Answer 28

unemployment, exchange rates, inflation, wages, and supply and demand, typically impact how businesses make a profit and increase their efficiency.

Question 29

Elizabeth Fry

Answer 29

The Elizabeth Fry Society groups work on issues affecting women, girls and gender diverse people in the justice system. The societies take their name from prison reformer Elizabeth Fry. The organization was started in 1969, with formal incorporation as a non-profit organization occurring in 1978.

Question 30

Immigration and Refugee board

Answer 30

It is responsible for making well-reasoned decisions on immigration and refugee matters, efficiently, fairly and in accordance with the law.

Question 31

individual rights and freedoms

Answer 31

A common privilege given to all citizens for example the right to vote, the right to property, the right to worship, the right to information, etc. Rights have limitations. Sometimes the rights of one individual or group may conflict with the rights of another individual or group.

Question 32

John Howard

Answer 32

The John Howard Society is a network of 65 offices across Canada whose mission is to provide various kinds of rehabilitative and reintegrative services to released prisoners; everything from basic job search skills to anger management to life skills to finding affordable housing.

Question 33

jury duty

Answer 33

Through participation in the jury system, people in a community play a direct role in the administration of justice and help to maintain all of our own rights and freedoms; a Juror Summons is delivered to you; the summons tells you the day and time to attend jury selection

To serve on a jury, you must be:

a Canadian citizen
at least 18 years of age

If you are selected to serve on a jury, you will be:

paid $50 per day of jury duty
reimbursed for reasonable travel expenses
reimbursed for accommodation expenses – if overnight stays are required and approved by the Jury Management Office

Question 34

legal rights

Answer 34

The Canadian Charter or Rights and Freedoms is the equivalent to our Bill of Rights. Both guarantee the right to freedom of speech and the press, peaceably assemble, travel, due process, privacy, an attorney and speedy trial in criminal cases, and trial by jury in certain cases.

Question 35

offence

Answer 35

a breach of a law or rule; an illegal act.

Question 36

persecution

Answer 36

severe hostility and ill-treatment, especially on the basis of ethnicity, religion, or sexual orientation or political beliefs

Question 37

point system

Answer 37

A points-based immigration system is an immigration system where a noncitizen’s eligibility to immigrate is (partly or wholly) determined by whether that noncitizen is able to score above a threshold number of points in a scoring system that might include such factors as education level, wealth, connection with the country, language fluency, existing job offer, or others

Question 38

privacy

Answer 38

the state of being free from public attention

Question 39

provincial

Answer 39

of or concerning a province of a country

Question 40

nomination

Answer 40

the act of officially suggesting someone or something for a job, position, or prize

In politics this is for suggesting someone as a future leader

Question 41

jury

Answer 41

a group of citizens who try an accused charged with a criminal offence

Question 42

defense

Answer 42

put forward by a party to defeat a suit or action brought against the party

Question 43

prosecution

Answer 43

the institution and conducting of legal proceedings against someone in respect of a criminal charge

Question 44

sequester

Answer 44

Every juror must stay in the jury room until they reach a verdict

Question 45

criminal code of Canada

Answer 45

a federal law that includes definitions of most of the criminal offences that the Parliament of Canada has enacted. It is often updated as society evolves and to improve the Canadian criminal process

Question 46

Immigration and Refugee Protection Act (replaces the Immigration Act)

Answer 46

sets out the core principles and concepts that govern Canada’s immigration and refugee protection programs

Question 47

Chinese Head Tax

Answer 47

a fixed fee charged to each Chinese person entering Canada. The head tax was first levied after the Canadian parliament passed the Chinese Immigration Act of 1885 and it was meant to discourage Chinese people from entering Canada after the completion of the Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR).