IMMS HISTOLOGY Flashcards by Sudha Hossain

Describe what the image shows. What is the staining used?

(IMMS) ALCIAN BLUE
* GAG-Rich
* Mucous
* Mast cells
* Cartilage
BLUE

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(IMMS) EOSIN
* Colloidal proteins
* Plasma
PINK
EOSINOPHILIC = ACIDOPHILIC

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Describe what the image shows. What is the staining used?

(IMMS) IRON HAEMATOXYLIN
* Nuclei
* Elastic fibres
BLACK

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Describe what the image shows. What is the staining used?

(IMMS) PERIODIC ACID SCHIFF (PAS)
* Hexose sugars (complex carb)
* Goblet cell mucins
* Cartilage matrix
* Glycogen
* Basement membranes
* Brush border
MAGENTA (DARK PINK)

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(IMMS) ROMANOVSKY/LEISHMAN’S (BLOOD FILMS)
* Chromatin/nuclei and neutrophil granules (PURPLE)
* Erythrocytes/eosin granules (RED/PINK)
* Lymphocyte/monocyte plasma (PALE BLUE)
* Basophil granules (DARK BLUE/PURPLE)

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Describe what the image shows. What is the staining used?

(IMMS) TOLUIDINE BLUE
* Nuclei / Ribosomes (DARK BLUE)
* Cytoplasm (PALE BLUE)
* Cartilage / matrix / mast cell / GAG rich (BRIGHT PURPLE)

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Describe what the image shows. What is the staining used?

(IMMS) VAN GIESON’S TRICHROME WITH
HAEMATOXYLIN COUNTER STAIN
* Collagen (PINK RED)
* Cell cyt (YELLOW/OLIVE GREEN)
* Nuclei (BLACK)
* Elastic tissue (DARK BROWN)

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Describe what the image shows. What is the staining used?

(IMMS) HAEMATOXYLIN
* Nuclei
* RNA
BLUE
BASOPHILIC STRUCTURES = BLUE

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Describe what the image shows. What is the staining used?

(IMMS) SILVER STAIN - NEURONS
* Neurons are large
* 25-60 microns
* Because of slide thickness cannot see all processes
* 1-5 dendritic processes
* metabolically active
* fully differentiated

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(IMMS) LYMPHOCYTE SIZE
* Small = 5 microns
* little cytoplasm as dormant and not fully differentiated
* metabolically inactive
* minimal rER

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Describe what the image shows.

(IMMS) EPITHELIA
* barriers
* single layer = SIMPLE
* SIMPLE = absorption / secretion
* multi layer = STRATIFIED
* STRATIFIED = protection

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Describe what the image shows.

(IMMS) SIMPLE COLUMNAR
* Height > Width
* Oval nucleus
* Longer axis perp to base of cell
* Often microvilli or cilia at apical mem
* GUT ENTEROCYTES and RESPIRATORY TRACT
LEFT - gallbladder
concentrates bile by reabs (no microvilli or cilia)

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Describe what the image shows.

(IMMS) INTESTINAL EPITHELIUM
* Enterocytes w/ goblet cells
* Epithelia sit on BM - permeability barrier between epithelium
and connective tissue
* Microvilli at apical surface = BRUSH BORDER
* Brush border - inc s.a. / attachment of exo-enzymes
* Small int = simple columnar (large int = > goblet cells)

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Describe what the image shows. What is the staining used?

(IMMS) MICROVILLI / INTESTINAL WITH PAS AND
HAEMATOXYLIN
* Microvilli with carbohydrate rich GLCOCALYX
* Goblet cells and basement membrane rich in HEXOSE
* Stain magenta

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(IMMS) CILIATED SIMPLE COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM
* Nose / larynx / bronchial tree / fallopian tube
* SIMPLE COLUMNAR EP w/ goblet cells and cilia
* Cilia = 2 microns
LEFT - nose
Stained with H&E and ALCIAN BLUE
CILIA MOVEMENT BY TUBULIN AND DYNEIN

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Describe what the image shows.

(IMMS) CUBOIDAL EPITHELIUM
* Square
* round nucleus
* @ ducts of exocrine glands - sweat glands, salivary, pancreas
* kidney tissue

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(IMMS) SQUAMOUS
* Outer surface of most thoracic and abdominal organs
* Simple squamous epithelium (SEROSA)
* Also lines pleural and peritoneal cavities
* Air sacs of lungs (alveoli)
* FLATTENED
* CYLINDRICAL/ELLIPTICAL NUCLEI @ base of cell
LEFT - serosa @ outer wall intestine
8 microns (unusually thick)

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(IMMS) AIR / BLOOD BARRIER
* Septa = capillaries covered by simple squam ep
* typical = 1 micron
* overall thickness = 5-10 microns
* with 2 x capillary endothelial ells, 2 x T1 pneumocytes and
capillary lumen

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(IMMS) STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS
* mouth, throat, oesophagus, anus, vagina
* cells replaced from below
* stem cells (mitosis capable) at basal layer
* sloughed off from top
LEFT - moist non-keratinised stratified squamous
epithelium at mouth
moist from glandular secretion
n.b. only apical cells are squamous - in this slide bas

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(IMMS) KERATINISED STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS
* Epidermis
* Lower layers epidermis similar to strat squam
* upper layers synthesise unique collection of proteins - interact
with cytoskeleton of cell to produce keratin
* keratin - dense protein, fills cytoplasm of cells = tough and
waterproof
* when full of keratin cells die and are sloughed off
LEFT - hairless skin @ lower lip
Blue / purple = living
Pink = dead keratinised squames
@ boundary = layer with blue keratohyaline granules
STRATUM GRANULOSUM - intermediate with blue grans
STEM CELLS @ basal layers

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(IMMS) PSEUDOSTRATIFIED
* Multilayered but when stretched flattens
* TRACHEA AND BRONCHI
* @urinary tract = specialised UROTHELIUM
Distinguish from stratified
All cells in contact with BM
Cells replaced by lateral migration not vertical
LEFT - trachea

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(iMMS) CELL JUNCTIONS
* Bound tightly together to prevent macromolecule or fluid
movement
* DESMOSOMES
* TIGHT (ADHERENT) JUNCS
* GAP JUNCS

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(IMMS) GLANDS
* Epithelial origin - develop as ingrowths
* Exocrine glands to surface by ducts
* Fluids, lubricants, enzymes
MUCUS - separate acini from serous, occasionally mixed.
PALE - flattened nucleus at base of cell
SEROUS
DARK - round nuclei

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(IMMS) CONNECTIVE TISSUE - INTRO
* Extracellular fibre scaffold - COLLAGEN / ELASTIN
* Jelly like matrix - hydrophilic polysaccharide polymer GAG -
glycosaminoglycans
* GAG - synth @ ep cells, muscle, cart, bone
* COLLAGEN / ELASTIN synth by fibroblast

Describe what the image shows. What is the staining used?

(IMMS) CONNECTIVE TISSUE - TERMINOLOGY SOFT -flexible / gel-like * Fibrous - collagen / elastic / reticulin (with silver = black lines) LOOSE IRREGULAR - few visible fibres / random orientate DENSE IRREGULAR - large no fibres / little matrix DENSE REGULAR - large no fibres - long parallel bundles * Fatty - mainly fat cells with intervening capillaries HARD - bond n.b. nerves, blood vessels, lymphatics essential in connective tissue

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(IMMS) DENSE IRREGULAR CONNECTIVE TISSUE * Dermis of scalp * Long fibres of collagen in many directions * Fibres stain pink * Fibres with dark nuclei (fibroblasts) alongside * Collagen fibres not uniform thickness * INSET - fibroblast * COLLAGEN FIBRES = EXTRACELLULAR

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(IMMS) DENSE REGULAR CONNECTIVE TISSUE * Ligament * Thick ribbons of parallel collagen * Fibroblasts at layer between * compact and regular COLLAGEN NEITHER ELASTIC NOR CONTRACTILE

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(IMMS) COLLAGEN (TROPOCOLLAGEN = 300nm) * 12 types (can tell thickness/ length) * NEITHER ELASTIC NOR CONTRACTILE TYPE 1) SKIN / BONE / TEETH / ORGAN CAPSULES 2) CARTILAGE 3) LIVER / KIDNEY / SPLEEN / ARTERIES / UTERUS (reticulin) 4) BASEMENT MEMBRANES (sheet like) 5) PLACENTA 1-3 = fibrillar, 2-3 = small fine banded fibres STRUCTURE - overlapping linear strands TROPO-COLLAGEN TC secreted from fibroblasts - arranged to fibrils extracellularly Overlapping gives rise to characteristic banding TC = 3 linear polypeptide chains @ alpha helix (2 sim/1 dissim)

Describe what the image shows.

(IMMS) LOOSE AND DENSE * Dense irregular at penis erectile compartment (inner) forms a capsule/sheath * This is common between cells of most organs and tissues * Outside = loose @penis - an inextensible capsule around erectile compartment means extra blood makes turgid

Describe what the image shows. What staining was used?

(IMMS) RETICULIN *COLLAGEN T3 (SILVER STAIN) * Shape and integrity of many organs by extracellular fibres * coarser elements = T1 * fine framework = T3 / reticulin TISSUE OF RETICULO - ENDOTHELIAL SYSTEM i.e. lymph nodes, spleen, liver RETICULIN FORMS BRANCHED FIBRES - most collagen forms linear fibres

Describe what the image shows. What staining was used?

(IMMS) ELASTIC FIBRES * Microfibres of fibrillin set in amorphous matrix of elastin * Fine fibres or sheets * PINK WITH H&E - tough to distinguish collagen * DARKER STAINING LEFT - large elastic artery Concentric sheets of elastic tissue (in vessels near heart) Stain pink with eosin Difficult distinguish collagen (GLISTENS) Perforated elastic sheets with snake -like character

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(IMMS) ELASTIC FIBRES 2 * With elastic Van Gieson’s trichrome * DARK BROWN

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(IMMS) FATTY CONNECTIVE - ADIPOSE * White and brown * White fat more abundant * Large cells with single fat droplet (60 microns) * Protect vital organs and energy store (INSULATION AND PACKING) * Usually deposited alongside capillaries therefore many vessels * Brown fat abundant in new born * Limited in later life (chest and shoulder blade) * Multi-locular - many droplets per cell * Generation of heat via oxidation of fas

Describe what the image shows.

(IMMS) NERVES * Supporting cells OLIGODENDROCYTES (CNS), SCHWANN CELLS (PNS) produce myelin (insulate/conductive) * Cell bodies mainly at CNS or sensory at DRG * Myelin lost in tissue processing LEFT - axons in transverse section * Each axon surrounded by Schwann cell cyt * With dark staining lamina = myelinated * A - Schwann cell nucleus * B - axon w/ myelin sheath * C - unmyelinated axon * D - myelin sheath Schwann cells may contain many unmyelinated axons Myelin linkage: adhesion proteins - unique and lipoproteins - (proteolipid, myelin basic, PO and peripheral myelin prots)

Describe what the image shows.

(IMMS) SCHWANN CELLS AND AXONS SUPPORTED * Each axon with continuous Schwann cell chain (200 microns long) * MYELINATED - 1:1 relationship with Schwann * UNMYELINATED - several:1 MYELINATED AXONS - generally larger (greater diam) with increased velocity of conduction MYELIN membranous, bilipid (phospholipid layer), proteins inserted between layers Predominany phospholipid = SPHINGOMYELIN MESAXON - where 2 limbs of Schwann/Oligo around axon fuse = focal point where myelin inserted into myelin sheath

Describe what the image shows.

(IMMS) PERIPHERAL NERVES * Mix motor/sensory axons * Surrounded by Schwann cells * Between axons = connective tissue network (fibres and cells) CONNECTIVE TISSUE NETWORK * Endoneurium * Perineurium * Exoneurium 5 NERVE FIBRES - with many axons - surrounded by endoneurium and perineurium Flattened nuclei = fibroblasts Rounded nuclei = Scwann

Describe what the image shows. What is the staining used?

(IMMS) ISOLATED PERIPHERAL NERVES (OSMIUM TETROXIDE STAIN) - TRANSVERSE * Lipid of myelin sheath extracted in processing * If treat nerve with osmium tetroxide renders myelin insoluble * Myelin = brown/black LEFT - osmium tetroxide and H&E Various diameters Many axons = nerve fibre (with perineurium) Many nerve fibres = nerve (peripheral) with epineurium

Describe what the image shows. What is the staining used?

(IMMS) ISOLATED PERIPHERAL NERVES (OSMIUM TETROXIDE STAIN) - LONGITUDINAL * Worm - like * Constrictions = NODES OF RANVIER - boundary between one schwann cell and next MYELINATED 10 - 100 m/s UNMYELINATED 1 - 20 m/s Myelinated faster than unmyelinated with 100 x diam

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(IMMS) SYNAPSE * Large number of neuro-secretory vesicles @ presynaptic space * Dark staining either side of synapse

Describe what the image shows. What is the staining used?

(IMMS) NERVE CELL BODIES (SILVER) * Either @ CNS or in discrete ganglia cose to spinal cord * Exception is PSNS with clusters close to organ innervated * Silver stain has affinity for cytoskeleton of cells * Neurons have developed cytoskeleton therefore stain heavily GOLDEN BROWN *nucleus pale but nucleolus black Cytoskeleton - microtubules (tubulin and dynein) = axonal transport i.e. vesicles from golgi to end and back/ neurofilaments (intermediate architecture) = axonal diameter No. processes Unipolar - sensory Bipolar - interneurons Multipolar - motor neurons

Describe what the image shows. What is the staining used?

(IMMS) NERVE CELL BODIES (H&E) * Sensory cell bodies at DRG * Large * One axon * One major dendrite * Appear more rounded than motor neurons LEFT - DRG with large cell bodies DARK STAINING PATCHES IN PERIKARYON (cyt around nucleus) = NISSL SUBSTANCE (alt name for rER) Nissl substance synthesis of proteins for export from cell or inclusion in membrane

What are neurons surrounded by?

(IMMS) NEURONS EXTRA (NO PIC) * Satellite cells - around nerve cell body play a supportive role - ply neuron with nutrients and growth factors * Some neuron cell bodies contain neuromelanin - part of the substantia nigra

IMMS HISTOLOGY Flashcards

(42 cards)