IMMS Revision PTS

Question 1

What does the Intermembranous space store to maintain an electrochemical gradient in a mitochondria?

Answer 1

H+ ions

Question 2

What are the ezymes in the matrix of the mitochondria for?

Answer 2

Krebs cycle

Question 3

Functions of the plasma membrane (4)

Answer 3

Physical barrier
Endo/Exocytosis
Cell signalling
Control of passage for various molecules

Question 4

Two types of proteins in the plasma membrane

Answer 4

Peripheral (outside)
Integral (In the membrane)

Question 5

3 main types of signalling in Homeostasis

Answer 5

Autocrine
Paracrine
Endocirine

Question 6

What is Auocrine signalling

Answer 6

Messenger molecules bind with receptors where the cell where they were produced

Question 7

What is positive feedback

Answer 7

Output of a system amplifies the signal of the input

Question 8

Three main types of hormone

Answer 8

Peptide
Steroid
Amino-acid derivative

Question 9

Examples of Peptide hormone(4)

Answer 9

Insulin, Growth hormone, TSH and ADH

Question 10

What are steroid hormones made out of

Answer 10

Cholesterol (Water insoluble and lipid insoluble)

Question 11

Are steroid hormones stored?

Answer 11

No diffuse out of cell when made

Question 12

Osmolarity definition

Answer 12

Concentration of solutes in plasma per kg of solution

Question 13

Osmolality definition

Answer 13

Concentration of solutes per kg of solvent

Question 14

Oncotic pressure definition

Answer 14

Form of osmotic pressure exerted by a protein

Question 15

Total volume of water

Answer 15

42L

Question 16

ECF and ICF volumes?

Answer 16

14L (ECF)and 28L (ICF)

Question 17

Intravascular fluid amount in ECF (Plasma)

Answer 17

3L

Question 18

Extravascular fluid volume

Answer 18

11L

Question 19

What is released from the kidneys when there is low BP

Answer 19

Renin

Question 20

What does the release of Renin trigger, from where? What does it do

Answer 20

Aldosterone
Adrenal gland
Allows sodium to move into the blood

Question 21

Where is ADH released from

Answer 21

Posterior pituitary gland

Question 22

Energy in Carbohydrates and Protein

Answer 22

4Kcal/g

Question 23

Alcohol amount of energy

Answer 23

7kcal/g

Question 24

Lipid amount of energy

Answer 24

9Kcal/g

Question 25

BMR meaning and value

Answer 25

Basal Metabolic rater 1kcal/kg body mass/hr

Question 26

Where does Glycolysis occur

Answer 26

Cytosol

Question 27

Rate limiting enzyme in glycolysis

Answer 27

Phosphofructokinase-1

Question 28

ATP, NADH, FADH2 and CO2 productions in krebs cycle (one cycle)

Answer 28

1 ATP 3 NADH 1 FADH2 2 CO2

Question 29

What is Beta Oxidation

Answer 29

Fatty acid oxidation

Question 30

What are fatty acids converted into at the start to begin beta oxidation

Answer 30

Acyl CoA

Question 31

Where does Ketogenesis occur

Answer 31

In the liver

Question 32

5 molecules in the preparative stage of glyoclysis

Answer 32

Glucose Glucose-6-phosphate Fructose-6-phosphate Fructose-1.6-biphosphate Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate

Question 33

5 molecules of the ATP generating phase of glycolysis (after glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate)

Answer 33

1,3-Biphosphoglycerate 3-Posphoglycerate 2-Phosphoglycerate Phosphoenolpyruvate Pyruvate