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Nutrition Semester 4 > Immune & CVD health > Flashcards

Immune & CVD health Flashcards

(96 cards)

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1
Q

Support Immunity

Nutrients - Vit A
Function & Dosage

A
  • Supports lymphatic tissue and immune cells
  • Maintains lung barrier function (def associated with severe respiriatory tract infections)
    Dosage - 2500iu-5000iu
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2
Q

Support Immunity
Vit C
Form, function and dosage

A

Buffered form e.g Ester C
Supports innate and adaptive immune systems
Def = more susceptible to infections
1-5000mg day

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3
Q

Support Immunity
Zinc
Form, dosage, function

A

Chelated form e.g zinc citrate
10-15mg day
Inhibits viral replication & permeability
Boosts immunity in children

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4
Q

Support Immunity
Dosage and function

A

1-30 Billion depending on the strain
Act as a low level challenge to the immune system
Probiotics such as s.boulardii boost secretory IGA

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5
Q

Support Immunity
Vit d3
Function and dosage

A

1000-2000iu or higher if tested deficient (10-20,000iu)
Dampens excessive immune response
Enhances innate immune system and regulatory t-cells

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6
Q

Beta glucans
Dosage and function

A

900mg
Anti tumour and immune modulating
Supports innate and adaptive immunity

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7
Q

Support Immunity
Medicinal Mushrooms
Function

A

Contain polysaccharides which interact with receptors in GALT

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8
Q

Support Immunity
Medicinal mushroom types and function

A

Reishi - increases immune cells and t-helper cells & macrophages
Chaga - immunodulator and anti viral
Shitake - increases T cells and NK cells
Maitake - T cells and NK cells

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9
Q

Support Immunity
Medicinal mushrooms
Reishi, Shitake, Maitake function

A

Increases T cells & NK cells

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10
Q

Treatment during infection
Vit A
Function & dosage

A

Anti viral activity
e.g measles & norovirus
Dosage 5000iu

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11
Q

Treatment during infection
Vit C
Function, form & dosage

A

Buffered form e.g Ester C
Inhibits virus replication & enhances immune cell function
1000mg/hr for up to 6 hours

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12
Q

Treatment during infection
Zinc
Type, function, dosage

A

Chelated form e.g Zinc citrate
15-30mg day
Anti viral properties

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13
Q

Treatment during infection
Vit D
Dosage and function

A

1000mg day
Upregulates antimicrobial peptides

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14
Q

Treatment during infection
Elderberry
Dosage, function

A

3-8g
Prevents viral cell entry

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15
Q

Beta Glucans 900mg

A

Reduces URTIs in elderly and children

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16
Q

Treatment during infection
Echinacea dosage and function

A

4000mg
Immune enhancing and modulating
Can decrease severity/duration of URTIs

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17
Q

Treatment during infection
Lysine
Dosage and function

A

1-3g
Inhibits viral replication so good for herpes simplex i.e cold sores

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18
Q

Covid 19
Risk factors

A

Obesity
Diabetes
CVD

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19
Q

Covid 19 Naturopathic Approach

A

CNM diet with a focus on plant protein, reducing meat, sugar and alcohol
Support innate immunity with beta glucans,probiotics, vit c
Microbiome support

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20
Q

Covid 19 lung support

A

Lung tissue provides protective antioxidants
Cease smoking
NAC 1.5g to protect lung tissue
Vit D inhibits microbial entry to lungs
Anti microbial herbs - oregano, thyme, sage, garlic

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21
Q

Chronic inflammation causes and risks

A

Stress
Poor sleep
Excess exercise
High toxic load
Hormone imbalance

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22
Q

Chronic Inflammation Nutrients

Turmeric dosage and function

A

Inhibits pro inflammatory cytokines
500-2000mg

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23
Q

Covid 19 Nutrients

A

Quercetin - 500-1000mg twice daily, inhibits viral replication
Reservatrol - 200mg daily - a powerful antioxidant
Turmeric 1.5g daily - decreases the population of inflammatory macrophages
Berberine 400mg twice daily - interferes with viral replication

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24
Q

Chronic inflammation naturopathic approach

A

Focus on correcting:
Blood glucose
Stress
Sleep
Immune function
Methylation

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25
Chronic inflammation nutrients Curcumin (key antiox in turmeric)
Up to 1000mg Antiox, antinflammatory
26
Chronic inflammation nutrients Ginger
500-1000mg Reduces inflammatory joint paint (inhbits tnf-a)
27
Chronic inflammation nutrients Boswelia dose and function
250-500mg Reduces 5-lox activity reducing inflammation, joint pain & enhances knee function
28
Chronic inflammation nutrients EPAs
Especially EFA - at least 1g of EPA daily Inhibits PGE2 pathway
29
Chronic inflammation nutrients Vit d
2000-10000iu Improves t helper cells - shifts from th1 to th2 Reduces inflammatory cytokines
30
Autoimmune causes and risks
Vit D def Emotional trauma Glutens Toxins Dysbiosis
31
Autoimmune clinical presentation
Expressing symptoms e.g bilateral pain in RA SNPS predisposing to inflammation e.g VDR Family history Tests such as gut profiling or raised CRP
32
Naturopathic approach to autoimmunity
Stress support Methylation support Autoimmune protocol diet Detox and elimination Test and support vit d
33
AIP inclusions
8 veg a day Healthy fats Probiotic foods Herbs and spices Fish Grass fed organic meat Bone broth
34
AIP exclusions
Alcohol Nuts and seeds Dairy Eggs Sweeteners
35
Autoimmune supplements Vit D
Interacts with VDR which modulates gene transcription resulting in functional changes in multiple immune cells e.g increasing T reg activity 2000-10000iu
36
Autoimmune supplements EFA
Especially EPA Helps inflammation by inhibiting PGE2 pathway Reduces pain in RA 1g of EPA at least
37
Autoimmune supplements Curcumin
Improves clinical outcomes in UC With potential for lupus, RA, & MS Up to 1000mg
38
Allergies causes and risk factors
SNPs e.g VDR or HLA C section, formula fed and early antibiotics disrupts gut microbiome
39
Allergies naturopathic approach
Test and support optimal vit d levels Focus on food sensitivities Improve gut microbiome Support stress Buteyko breathing for asthma
40
Allergy supplements Quercetin
250-750mg Reduces allergic rhinitis symptoms Reduces skin damage in eczema Relaxes smooth muscles in bronchii in asthma
41
Allergies supplement Nettle (leaf)
500mg Reduces effect of histamine by inhibiting COX-1 and 2
42
Allergy supplements EFAs
Especially EPA Reduce inflammation by way of inhibiting the PGE2 pathway Reduces asthma and eczema 1g of EPA
43
Allergy symptoms Probiotics
Lactobacillus and bifidobacterium combination reduces incidence of eczema in infants and reduces eczema symptoms
44
Allergy supplements Vit D
2000-10000iu Increases t-reg activity Low maternal vit d is linked to the development of an allergy
45
Allergy supplements Magnesium
Mag citrate improves bronchial reactivity in asthma 200-400mg
46
Allergy supplement Vit C
Supports histamine detoxification It acts as a cofactor for DAO which degrades histamine in the gut
47
CVD causes and risks
Family history - parents 60-75%, sibling 40% Genetics e.g MTHFR and ACE Ethnicity - South Asia or Sub saharan African Hypertension - causing CVD 5 years earlier
48
CVD Naturopathic Approach
Plant based/mediterannan diet is associated with sig reduced cardio risk Stress management Exercise
49
CVD supplements Vit C
500-1000mg 3x daily Lowers tendency for platelet aggression
50
CVD supplements Vit E
400-800 iu Inhibits platelet aggression Decreases clotting factors
51
CVD supplements Vit D
Modulates RAAS Lowers BP 600-1000iu
52
CVD supplements EFAs
Improves lipid and lipoprotein profiles 3-6g day
53
CVD supplement Mag Glycinate/Taurate
Vascular tone and heart rhythm regulation 500-800mg day
54
CVD supplements COQ10
Mitochondrial health and ATP production Reduces LDL oxidation 60-300mg day
55
CVD herbs Hawthorn
Cardiac tonic & antioxidant 1000-1500mg
56
CVD herbs Garlic
2-5g fresh Antihypertensive Reduces LDL
57
CVD Herbs Garlic
2-5g Anti hypertensive Reduces LDL cholesterol
58
Hypertension causes and risks
Nut def - esp mag and pot Stress Excess alcohol Inactivity Smoking High table salt
59
Hypertension natural approach
Increase potassium:sodium intake 3:1 DASH diet Optimise sleep and weight
60
Hypertension supplement Vit D
Def activates RAS leading to vasoconstriction Dose as needed to reach optimal
61
Hypertension supplement Mag glycine/taurate
Def affects vascular and cardio tone 500-800mg
62
Hypertension supplement L-arginine
1000-2000mg 3x daily Principle substrate for vascular NO synthesis
63
Hypertension supplement B6
Def is associated with hypertension An important co factor for e.g serotonin and adrenaline
64
Hypertension natural approach
Manage stress through diaphragmatic breathing and earthing Exercise e.g walking, swimming, jogging. Not exercise which is intense in short bursts
65
Natural approach to atherosclerosis Healthy lipid profile
Promote a healthy lipid profile through: - Increasing omega 3s - Avoiding sat fats
66
Natural approach to atherosclerosis Increase dietary fibre (30-35g day)
Soluble fibre are associated with decrease in TC and LDL-C e.g veg and fruits Include beta-glucans which are soluble and insoluble fibre e.g oats, mushroom, seaweed
67
Natural approach to atherosclerosis Support endothelial health and dilation
Blueberries, bilberries and blackcurrants are antioxidants and support blood vessel integrity and tone Beetroot contains inorganic nitrates which convert to nitric oxide in the body L-theanine increases nitric oxide in cells (green tea)
68
Natural approach to atherosclerosis Promote and support liver detox
Schisandra fruit - activates phase 1 liver detox and enhances phase 2 liver detox (2-3 dried fruit infused 2x daily)
69
Atherosclerosis supplements L-citrulline
500-3000mg day NO is synthesised by l-citrulline
70
Atherosclerosis supplement Panthothenic acid
300mg x 3 Reduces TC, LDL, TG and increases HDl
71
Atherosclerosis supplement Niacin (B3)
500-3000mg daily Reduces TG, LDL and TC
72
Atherosclerosis supplement Omega 3
3000-5000mg Lowers BP and heart rate (PPAR-a agonist)
73
Atherosclerosis supplement Pomegranate juice
250ml or 1-2 cups of seeds a day Improves HDL function Lowers BP mostly in those with high oxidative stress
74
Atherosclerosis supplement Globe arthichoke
Dietary plus 1-2g day powder Reduces serum LDL, TC and TG
75
Atherosclerosis supplement Lycopene
25mg Activates PPAR-y Antioxidant
76
IHD supplement L-Carnitine
1000mg x 2 daily Improved FA utilisation and myocardinal ATP production
77
IHD supplement Magnesium
200-400mg 3x Mg def causes coronary artery spasms Mg controls the movement of calcium into smooth muscle cells leading to smooth muscle contraction
78
IHD supplement CoQ10
100mg (300mg if on statins) Increases eNOS and NO Antiinflammatory
79
IHD supplement L-arginine
1000mg-2000mg 3x Promotes vasodilation by increasing NO
80
IHD supplement Gingko Biloba
Scavenges ROS 60-120mg
81
Natural Approach to IHD
- Optimise Vit D for endothelial health and promotes vasodilation - Warming herbs and spices to support blood flow e.g ginger and cayenne - Increase gentle movement - Address stress with breathing exercises and nervine herbs
82
Heart Causes and Risks
IHD, Hypertension, IR Obesity Nut def
83
Natural Approach to Heart Failure
Apply natural approach to CVD Correct nut def Smoking cessation
84
Heart Failure Supplements CoQ10
CoQ10 300-400mg Powerful antiox Depletion is related to worse outcomes
85
HF supplements D-Ribose
5-15g Regenerates low myocardial ATP
86
HF supplements Magnesium
Critical for ATP When def increases RAAS (increases BP)
87
HF supplements Thiamine
100-200mg daily Fuels myocardial contraction
88
HF supplement L-carnitine
2000-3000mg day Facilitates the transfer of fatty acids across mitochondrial membranes to initiate beta oxidation The heart uses free fatty acids as its main energy source
89
HF supplements Hawthorn
1000-1500mg Vasodilatory effects on coronary arteries
90
Varicose veins/haemorrhoids Causes and risks
Increased abdominal pressure Inherited valve defects Smoking Sedentary Low vit C
91
Varicose veins/haemorrhoids natural approach aim
Aim: Reduce inflammation, increase blood flow & speed up repair of damaged veins/valves
92
Natural approach to vv/haem
Bioflavonoids to improve the vascular system - buckwheat, grapes, apples, blueberries Optimise liver function - fibre rich plant foods for detox Raise feet above heart for 20 mind a day/lymphatic drainage massage - avoids blood pooling
93
Supplements for vv & haem Vit C with bioflavonoids
1.5-2g Supports connective tissue integrity & collagen synthesis
94
Supplements for vv & haem Horse Chestnut
An astringent herb that increases venous tone by increasing prostaglandin F2 400mg seed daily
95
Supplements for VV & haem Gotu Kola
500mg x 2 Stimulates collagen synthesis which supports vein structure & improves blood flow
96
Supplements for vv & haem Butcher’s Broom
300-500mg x 2 Vasoconstrictive & astringent

Nutrition Semester 4 (2 decks)

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