Immune Diseases

Question 1

Which two immune disorders covered are NOT a type of hypersensitivity?

Answer 1

failure of passive transfer
irritable bowel disease

Question 2

Failure of Passive Transfer occurs due to lack of colostrum, meaning inadequate ____ ingestion after birth.

Answer 2

IgG

Question 3

(T/F) Failure of Passive Transfer occurs in animals such as foals and calves which rely on the mother for maternal antibodies due to endotheliochorial placentation.

Answer 3

False - epitheliochorial

Question 4

What kind of hypersensitivity is Asthma?

Answer 4

Type I

Question 5

The immunological mechanism of Asthma is characterized by a (Th1/Th2/Th17) response which stimulates plasma cells to secrete ______.

Answer 5

Th2
IgE

Question 6

______ release from mast cells leads to the clinical signs of Asthma, such as cough, wheezing, and mucous production.

Answer 6

histamine

Question 7

What two species are most commonly affected by Asthma?

Answer 7

cats
horses

Question 8

What type of hypersensitivity is Neonatal Isoerythrolysis?

Answer 8

Type II

Question 9

Which two species are most commonly affected by Neonatal Isoerythrolysis?

Answer 9

foals
kittens

Question 10

In Neonatal Isoerythrolysis, maternal _____ in the colostrum attacks neonate ______.

Answer 10

IgG
RBCs

Question 11

By what mechanism are neonate RBCs destroyed in Neonatal Isoerythrolysis?

Answer 11

Membrane Attack Complex (MAC)

Question 12

What type of hypersensitivity is Feline Leukemia? What kind of virus is responsible?

Answer 12

Type III
retrovirus

Question 13

In Feline Leukemia, a retrovirus uses _________ in the host’s genome to replicate. From there, what two locations in the body does the virus infect?

Answer 13

reverse transcriptase
lymphoid tissue & bone marrow

Question 14

Since Feline Leukemia is a Type III Hypersensitivity, antigen-antibody complexes deposit into lymphoid tissue and bone marrow, which lead to ______ and _____ release, causing systemic immune disease.

Answer 14

complement + cytokine

Question 15

(T/F) Feline Leukemia can be treated with lifelong corticosteroids and immunosuppressants.

Answer 15

False - no cure, just supportive treatment

Question 16

What disease is a Type I Hypersensitivity which attacks the skin, causes pruritis and alopecia in a various of species (dogs, cats, or horses)?

Answer 16

Atopy

Question 17

What two main drugs are used to treat Atopy?

Answer 17

glucocorticoids (apoquel + cytopoint)

Question 18

What type of hypersensitivity is FIP?

Answer 18

Type III

Question 19

What virus mutates differently in every cat, causes Feline Infectious Periontitis?

Answer 19

feline coronavirus

Question 20

In FIP, antigen-antibody complex deposits lead to a systemic immune response which puts the host in a ________ state and causes _________.

Answer 20

hypercoagulable
septic peritonitis

Question 21

(T/F) FIP only affects very young cats (<12 months).

Answer 21

False - very young or very old

Question 22

What 3 forms of treatment can be used for FIP?

Answer 22

1. corticosteroids
2. abdominocentesis
3. inhibit platelet aggregation

Question 23

Immune-Mediated Polyarthropathy is classified by a combination of Type ____ and ____ Hypersensitivity.

Answer 23

III + IV

Question 24

What species is primarily affected by IMP?

Answer 24

dogs

Question 25

What 3 main treatments are used for Immune-Mediated Polyarthropathy?

Answer 25

1. anti-inflammatories 2. corticosteroids 3. joint taps

Question 26

Pemphigus is a Type ___ Hypersensitivity reaction caused by an idiopathic agent.

Answer 26

II

Question 27

In Pemphigus ____ autoantibodies attack what structure?

Answer 27

IgG desmoglein

Question 28

List the 2 types of Pemphigus.

Answer 28

1. Pemphigus Foliaceus 2. Pemphigus Vulgaris

Question 29

Pemphigus Vulgaris is deeper and more severe, caused by attack of ________. Pemphigus Foliaceus is superficial and less severe, caused by attack of ________.

Answer 29

desmoglein-3 desmoglein-1

Question 30

What two species are most commonly affected by Pemphigus?

Answer 30

dogs & cats

Question 31

What type of hypersensitivity causes Immune-Mediated Hemolytic Anemia?

Answer 31

Type II

Question 32

In IMHA, an idiopathic agent causes IgG autoantibodies to attack ______.

Answer 32

RBCs

Question 33

What primarily species is IMHA seen in?

Answer 33

dogs

Question 34

There are two types of IMHA: ________: complement activation --> MAC lysis of RBCs. ________: macrophage activation --> "bite" chunks of RBCs.

Answer 34

intravascular extravascular

Question 35

What pathognomonic structure is seen in extravascular IMHA which indicates the disease?

Answer 35

spherocytes

Question 36

What type of hypersensitivity is Immune Complex Glomerulopathy?

Answer 36

Type III

Question 37

Immune Complex Glomerulopathy is caused by antigen-antibody complex deposits in the glomerular capillaries. This leads to what two immunologic processes which cause kidney destruction?

Answer 37

complement cascade frustrated phagocytosis

Question 38

What species are affected by Immune Complex Glomerulopathy?

Answer 38

dogs & cats

Question 39

Immunosuppressants, glucocorticoids, and ________ are used to treat Immune Complex Glomerulopathy.

Answer 39

ACE inhibitors

Question 40

What disease may be triggered by genetics, mucosal barrier damage, and dysbiosis?

Answer 40

IBD

Question 41

Irritable Bowel Disease causes a decreased ___ levels.

Answer 41

IgA

Question 42

What two types of T cell lineages are upregulated in IBD? What cell type is downregulated?

Answer 42

Th1 & Th17 --> upregulated T reg cells --> downregulated

Question 43

What species is primarily affected by IBD?

Answer 43

dogs

Question 44

Polysystemic Immune-Mediated Disease is caused a combination of Type ____ and _____ Hypersensitivity.

Answer 44

II + III

Question 45

In Lupus, Type ___ Hypersensitivity causes autoreactive antibodies to attack RBCs. This leads to what two clinical signs?

Answer 45

II anemia + thrombocytopenia

Question 46

In Lupus, Type ___ Hypersensitivity leads to a loss of tolerance, causing ________ antibodies to attack DNA and form antigen-antibody complexes.

Answer 46

III anti-nuclear

Question 47

What specific type of animal is often affected by Lupus?

Answer 47

medium-large dogs

Question 48

Dogs with Polysystemic Immune-Mediated Disease are treated with supportive care, immunosuppressants, and less often, ___________.

Answer 48

splenectomy