Immune Physiology Lecture Powerpoint

Question 1

Lymphatic drainage left side vs right

Answer 1

Left side is handled by thoracic duct emptying into subclavian vein and is all of lower limb, all of left side up to head, right side is handled by right lymphatic duct emptying into right subclavian vein and is only right side of upper limb to head

Question 2

Lymph composition varies depending on… What is an example of this?

Answer 2

…where it is found in the body, an example is GI tract lymph having more fats

Question 3

Lymph node function

Answer 3

Act as a filter to prevent invading organisms from entering blood stream by serving as a proliferation site for immune cells to multiply and fight off infection

Question 4

Example of active natural acquired immunity

Answer 4

Infection

Question 5

Example of active artificial acquired immunity

Answer 5

Immunization

Question 6

Example of passive natural acquired immunity

Answer 6

Maternal antibodies

Question 7

Example of passive artificial acquired immunity

Answer 7

Exogenous antibody infusion

Question 8

CBC with diff

Answer 8

Test that determines the complete blood count and determining if certain cell types are elevated or penic

Question 9

2 types of B cells

Answer 9

Plasma cells

Memory cells

Question 10

2 cell types that have MHC Class II

Answer 10

The professional APC’s including macrophages and B cells

Question 11

What cell type recognizes MHC Class II?

Answer 11

T helper cells

Question 12

A lack of MHC class I, or an alteration of the structure, results in this specific process in 1 of 3 ways

Answer 12

….cell death via apoptosis, perforation, or inhibition of replication

Question 13

A CD4 count below ___ indicates ___

Answer 13

200, AIDS

Question 14

CD4 T Cell function, what type of MHC does it interact with? What mediated immunity is it?

Answer 14

T helper cells activate B cells and release cytokines, interact with MHC class II, and promote cell mediated immunity

Question 15

CD8 T cell function, what type of MHC does it interact with? What mediated immunity is it?

Answer 15

Cytotoxic T lymphocytes kill cancerous/infected/diseased cells, interact with MHC class I, and promote cell mediated immunity

Question 16

NK cell function, what mediated immunity is it?

Answer 16

Kill virus related cells independant of MHC, innate immunity

Question 17

Defining characteristics of the neutrophil, eosinophil, basophil, and monocyte

Answer 17

Neutrophil - small suicidal cells that form pus
eosinophil - present in parasitic reactions and allergic reactions
Basophils - allergic reactions
Monocytes - circulate in blood and travel to tissues where they become macrophages

Question 18

Leukocytosis

Answer 18

Presence of WBC, can be due to stress, infection, or cancer

Question 19

Leukopenia

Answer 19

Low WBC count, can be seen in viral infections

Question 20

Cytokines can be either ____ or _____

Answer 20

pro or anti inflammatory

Question 21

IgA characteristics (2 key things)

Answer 21

Present in mucosal immunity, present in breast milk

Question 22

Small # with celiac disease also have ___, therefore it is essential to test for this when testing for celiac to avoid any false neg

Answer 22

IgA deficiency

Question 23

IgE characteristics (2 key things)

Answer 23

Present in allergies by stimulating histamine release, attracts eosinophils

Question 24

IgG characteristics (3 key things)

Answer 24

Crosses placenta, indicative of 2ndary immune response, activates complement

Question 25

IgM characterists (2 key tings)

Answer 25

Primary immune response, activates compliment

Question 26

List the 3 types of phagocytes

Answer 26

1) Neutrophils
2) Macrophages
3) Dendritic cells

Question 27

The innate immune response causes 3 things

Answer 27

• complement activation
• inflammation
• phagocytosis and presentation on APC

Question 28

Type 1,2, and 3 sensitivities are ___ dependent, while type 4 is not

Answer 28

Antibody

Question 29

Type 1 hypersensitivity

Answer 29

Anaphylactic reaction from degranulation of mast cells and release of inflammatory mediators, often IgE antibody is the source and it is immediate

Question 30

Type 2 hypersensitivity

Answer 30

Host cellular destruction after small antigens bind covalently to cell surface structures causing it to appear foreign to the immune system and face the humoral response

Question 31

Type 3 hypersensitivity

Answer 31

Immunocomplex formed when protein antigens bind to IgG made against them, then become deposited in different parts of the body that activates compliment system to initiate inflammation and physical damage

Question 32

Type 4 hypersensitivity

Answer 32

Delayed onset, Effector T cell cause that results in cell death, such as from contact dermatitis