Immune System Flashcards
(20 cards)
what are the four signs of inflammation?
redness, pain, oedema and warmth
describe redness in terms of inflammation:
redness occurs due to the vasodilation of capillaries in order to allow increased blood flow to the area
describe pain in terms of inflammation:
pain receptors in the area are stimulated; pressure of oedema contributing to pressure and pain receptors
describe oedema in terms of inflammation:
swelling of the area occurs during inflammatory response; increased fluid and activity in the area
describe warmth in terms of inflammation:
area feels warmer due to increased blood flow, due to vasodilation
explain the epidermis of the skin in terms of 1st line defence:
forms a physical barrier which continually sheds to prevent microbe penetration
explain mucous membranes in terms of 1st line defence:
prohibits entrance of most microbes by forming a thick mucous layer in the external openings of the body
explain gastric juice in terms of 1st line defence:
chemical properties and high acidity destroys most foreign microbes which enter the stomach
explain inflammation in terms of 2nd line defence:
brings phagocytes to the area to target microbes and allows tissue repair to take place
explain fever in terms of 2nd line defence:
Intensifies effects of interferons; inhibits growth of some microbes; speeds up body reactions that aid repair
explain phagocytosis in terms of 2nd line defence:
phagocytes ingest and destroy foreign particulate matter
explain phagocytosis in terms of 2nd line defence:
phagocytes ingest and destroy foreign particulate matter
how is lymph formed?
formed from excess interstitial fluid which cannot reenter the blood capillaries; about 3L per day; drains into lymphatic vessels instead
describe the movement of lymph through the body before re-entering the blood:
interstitial fluid - lymphatic capillaries - lymphatic vessels - lymphatic ducts - junction of the internal jugular and subclavian veins (where it is returned to blood in the cardiovascular system)
describe the movement of lymph through the body before re-entering the blood:
interstitial fluid - lymphatic capillaries - lymphatic vessels - lymphatic ducts - junction of the internal jugular and subclavian veins (where it is returned to blood in the cardiovascular system)
name four different types of antibodies:
IgG, IgA, IgM, IgD
name the location and function of IgG:
mainly located in the blood; is the only class of antibody to cross placenta from mother to foetus
name the location and function of IgA:
found in sweat, tears, mucous, saliva, breast milk and GI secretions; provides localised protection of mucous membranes against bacteria and viruses
name the location and function of IgM:
5-10% of antibodies in blood, also found in lymph; causes agglutination and lysis of microbes
name the location and function of IgD:
found on surfaces of B cells as antigen receptors; involved in activation of B cells
