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BIO 132 > Immune System > Flashcards

Immune System Flashcards

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1
Q

Most common type of acute hypersensitivity

A

Anaphylaxis

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2
Q

Hives, asthma, hay fever and GI reactions are examples of…

A

Local Anaphylaxis

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3
Q

Caused by introducing an allergen into the blood

A

Systemic Anaphylaxis

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4
Q

Causes widespread release of histamine and bronchoconstriction

A

Systemic Anaphylaxis

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5
Q

Proteins released by various WBC’s and tissue cells that enhance various aspects of inflammation

A

Cytokines

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6
Q

Inflammatory chemicals that enhance inflammation (3)

A

Prostoglandins
Cytokines
Complement

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7
Q

Secreted by endothelial cells and platelets, stimulates fibroblasts for tissue repair

A

Platelet-derived Growth Factor

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8
Q

Scaffold of tissue repair

A

Platelet-derived Growth Factor

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9
Q

Vascular changes result in… (3)

A

Hyperemia
Increased temp
Exudate formation

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10
Q

Increased blood flow to an area, increased o2 and nutrients to tissue and cellular defenders

A

Hyperemia

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11
Q

Cells/fluid that leak from blood vessels

A

Exudate

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12
Q

Forms network for tissue repair

A

Exudate formation

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13
Q

Passage of leukocytes thru capillary wall

A

Diapedesis

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14
Q

Nonspecific Division of immune system

A

Innate

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15
Q

Specific Division of immune system

A

Adaptive

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16
Q

Division of immune system acquired as a person is exposed to pathogens

A

Adaptive/Specific

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17
Q

Division of immune system that includes T-cell lymphocytes and antibodies

A

Adaptive/Specific

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18
Q

Tissue that makes up intact skin

A

Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

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19
Q

Antibacterial chemicals secreted by sebaceous glands

A

Lysozymes

Fatty acids

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20
Q

Division that includes intact membranes, phagocytes, antimicrobial chemicals, and inflammation

A

Innate/Nonspecific

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21
Q

Autoimmune disorder that destroys the joints

A

Rheumatoid Arthritis

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22
Q

Systemic disease affecting the heart, kidneys, lungs, skin, joints

A

Lupus (SLE)

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23
Q

These induce chemotaxis to attract WBC’s, stimulate neutrophils to release lysosomal enzymes, stimulate pain receptors, cause vasodilation & increased capillary permeability

A

Kinins

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24
Q

Region of antibody that allows specificity and includes antigen-binding sites

A

Variable Region

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25
Antigenic determinants=
Epitopes
26
Hormones that stimulate pain receptors (2)
Prostoglandins | Kinins
27
The 2 regions of antibodies
Variable | Constant
28
Autoimmune disorder that destroys beta cells in the pancreas
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
29
Acquired immunodeficiency that changes ratio of helper to suppressor T-cells
AIDS
30
Leukocytosis, chemotaxis, margination, diapedesis, pus formation and phagocytosis of pathogens/debris are types of...
Phagocytic Mobilization
31
Increased blow flow causes blood to move more...
Slowly
32
Formation of cellular debris and WBC's
Pus
33
Draws leukocytes to injured area
Chemotaxis
34
Adhesion of leukocytes to capillary wall
Margination
35
Reside in tissues, release histamines, respond to bacteria
Mast cells
36
Low pH=
Acidic
37
Lines all body cavities open to the outside
Intact mucus membrane
38
Division of immune system that has "memory"
Adaptive/Specific
39
Types of Adaptive/Specific resistance (2)
Humoral | Cellular
40
Nonspecific cellular and chemical defenses (4)
Phagocytes NK cells Inflammation Fever
41
Response to pyrogens secreted by leukocytes and macrophages in response to bacteria and other foreign particles
Fever
42
Increases phagocytic activity and tissue repair
Mild fever
43
Respond to abnormal antigens in plasma membranes, check marker molecules
Natural Killer cells
44
Derived from monocytes
Macrophages
45
Microbes trapped in mucus produced by ____ are moved upwards by _____
Goblet cells, cilia
46
Job of goblet cells
Produce mucus
47
Antimicrobial proteins present in intact mucus membranes
``` Lysozymes (in saliva) Lacrimal fluid (in eyes) ```
48
Present in trachea and bronchi, moves mucus and particles up to throat
Ciliary escalator
49
Immunoglobins/gamma globulins=
Antibodies
50
Attack target cell membrane with perforins- are not phagocytic
Natural Killer cells
51
Can lyse and kill cancer cells and virus-infected cells before immune system is activated
Natural Killer cells
52
"Police" the body in the blood and lymph
Natural Killer cells
53
Agranular WBC
Monocyte
54
Group of proteins that enhance inflammation
Complement
55
Inflammatory chemical secreted by basophils and mast cells
Histamine
56
The body removes dead cells and pathogens by...
Chemical reactions
57
Enzymes that pop holes thru plasma membranes of pathogens
Perforins
58
Movement of a cell in response to a chemical stimulus
Chemotaxis
59
WBC's follow trail of ______ to the source of inflammation
Kinins
60
Autoimmune Disorder that blocks or destroys Ach receptors in skeletal muscles
Myasthenia Gravis
61
Autoimmune Disorder that destroys myelin sheaths in CNS
Multiple Sclerosis
62
Main job of Mast cells
Release histamines & respond to bacteria
63
Microglia in brain and kuppfer cells in liver are types of...
Macrophages
64
Cancer of lymphatic system that blocks lymph nodes
Hodgkins Disease
65
Immunosuppressive therapy using animal antigens against immune system
Antilymphocyte globulins
66
Immunosuppressive therapy that targets the lymph nodes (lymphocytes)
Radiation (x-ray) Therapy
67
Substances that activate the immune system and cause a response
Antigens
68
Immunosuppressive therapy that suppresses inflammation
Corticosteroids
69
Organ transport from one site to another, in the same person
Autograft
70
Phagocyte associated with acute, local infection
Neutrophils
71
Organ transplant between identical twins
Isograft
72
Organ transplant between nonidentical individuals of same species
Allograft
73
Organ transplant between members of different species
Xenograft
74
Type of lymphocyte that engulfs foreign particles and presents fragments of its own surface to T-cells so T-cells can recognize & respond to the invaders
APC's
75
4 types of APC's
Macrophages Dendritic cells Langerhans cells (of epidermis) Activated B-cell Lymphocytes
76
Type of lymphocyte active in cellular immunity
T-cells
77
Phagocyte that responds quickest to inflammation
Neutrophil
78
Type of lymphocyte that develops into plasma cells after exposure to an antigen
B-cells
79
Sensitize blood vessels to other inflammatory chemicals (enhance inflammation) and stimulate pain receptors
Prostoglandins
80
3 types of Lymphocytes
B-cells T-cells APC's
81
Widespread loss of fluid to tissues causes... (during systemic anaphylaxis)
Low blood volume Low BP -Leads to anaphylactic shock
82
Become immunocompetent in primary lymphoid organs- self tolerant
Lymphocytes
83
Each antibody chain has a variable & constant region resulting in how many of both?
4 variable regions | 4 constant regions
84
Antibodies have ___ polypeptide chains held together
4
85
Region of antibody that includes stem part of heavy chains/parts of both heavy & light chains- determines actions & classes of antibodies
Constant region
86
Causes the production of antibodies by plasma cells
Immunogenicity
87
Parts of antigen that are recognized by T-cells and antibodies
Epitopes
88
Autoimmune Disorder where abnormal antibodies resembling TSH stimulates the thyroid
Grave's Disease
89
Inflammatory chemicals that cause vasodilation & increased capillary permeability (2)
Histamines | Kinins
90
Immunity that is the result of specific antigens (proteins) present in the blood
Humoral Immunity
91
Antibody-mediated immunity AKA
Humoral Immunity
92
Cell-mediated immunity AKA
Cellular Immunity
93
Immunity that is the result of specific group of cells- T lymphocytes
Cellular Immunity
94
Chemical created in the body that is released by WBC's into the bloodstream when the immune system is defending against a potential allergen
Histamines
95
Anti-inflammatory drug typically used to treat rheumatologic diseases, like rheumatoid arthritis, lupus or vasculitis (inflammation of the blood vessels)
Corticosteroids
96
Type of lymphocyte that produces antibodies that are used to attack invading bacteria, viruses, and toxins
B-cells
97
Type of lymphocyte that destroy the body's own cells that have been taken over by viruses or become cancerous.
T-cells
98
Role of lymphocytes in fighting infection
Producing antibodies
99
A fluid rich in protein and cellular elements that oozes out of blood vessels due to inflammation and is deposited in nearby tissues
Exudate

BIO 132 (4 decks)

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