Immune System

Question 1

How do pathogens enter our body?

Answer 1

air, water, food, wounds/cuts

Question 2

What are antigens

Answer 2

any substance, like a macromolecule, that initiates a response from the immune system.

Question 3

What’s another name for WBC (White Blood Cells)

Answer 3

Leukocytes

Question 3

Where do WBCs (White Blood Cells) originate from?

Answer 3

Bone Marrow

Question 4

What is the name of blood stem cells?

Answer 4

Hematopoietic stem cells

Question 5

Where are leukocytes found?

Answer 5

Found circulating in blood plasma, lymph system, tissue

Question 6

Leukocytes can move_______ the flow of blood/lymph

Answer 6

against

Question 7

What process allows Leukocytes to move against the flow of blood/lymph?

Answer 7

Diapedesis

Question 8

What is diapedesis?

Answer 8

movement/squeezing of leukocytes through the tiny slits/crevices found through endothelial cells of the capillaries

Question 9

What are the 3 types of Leukocytes?

Answer 9

1. Granulocytes 2. Agranulocytes
2. Megakaryocytes

Question 10

Characteristics of granulocytes

Answer 10

Cytoplasms with granules and lobe-shaped nuclei

Question 11

3 types of granulocytes

Answer 11

neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils

Question 12

What is the role of a neutrophil?

Answer 12

Destroying pathogens/are phagocytic

Question 13

What is the role of an Eosinophil?

Answer 13

dealing/killing parasites & involved with allergic reactions

Question 14

What anti-clotting agent do Basophil’s contain?

Answer 14

Heparin

Question 15

What chemical does a Basophil have inside its granules?

Answer 15

Histamine

Question 16

What do histamines do?

Answer 16

Initiate inflammation

Question 17

Type of Megakaryocytes

Answer 17

Platelets

Question 18

What is another name for platelets?

Answer 18

Thrombocytes

Question 19

Characteristics of platelets

Answer 19

Cytoplasm, no nucleus

Question 20

If a cut develops, what do platelets do?

Answer 20

Platelets bind to the cut, aggregate and form a temporary patch. They call other cells to come.

Question 20

Characteristics of Agranulocytes

Answer 20

no granules, spherical/kidney shaped nuclei

Question 20

2 types of Agranulocytes

Answer 20

Monocytes & Lymphocytes

Question 21

What do monocytes differentiate to?

Answer 21

Macrophages

Question 22

What are the 2 types of cells that Lymphocytes differentiate into?

Answer 22

T-Lymphocytes & B Lymphocytes

Question 23

Largest Phagocytic Cells

Answer 23

Macrophages

Question 24

Type of Agranulocyte that makes up the specific/acquired immune system

Answer 24

Lymphocytes

Question 25

What do macrophages do?

Answer 25

seek out harmful agents and engulf them

Question 26

What is the process of engulfing called?

Answer 26

Phagocytosis

Question 27

What do B cells do?

Answer 27

Create antibodies

Question 28

What cells do B cells differentiate into?

Answer 28

Plasma & Memory Cells

Question 29

What type of B cell creates antibodies?

Answer 29

Plasma B cells

Question 30

What type of B cell protect us from reinfection?

Answer 30

Memory B cells

Question 31

What are the 4 types of cells that T cells differentiate into?

Answer 31

Helper, Killer, Suppressor, Memory T cells

Question 32

What do helper T cells do?

Answer 32

Release chemicals that help other cells mature

Question 33

What do killer T cells do?

Answer 33

Uses membrane proteins to bind to pathogens and release chemicals into them

Question 34

What cell functions like memory B cells

Answer 34

Memory T cells

Question 35

What is the function of suppressor T cells

Answer 35

suppressing and regulating the immune system

Question 36

What are the 2 types of immunity/immune systems?

Answer 36

Innate (non-specific) and acquired (specific)

Question 37

What type of immune system is the primary line of defense?

Answer 37

Innate/non-specifc immune system

Question 38

What are the 2 differences between non-specific (innate) and specific (acquired) immune systems?

Answer 38

Innate: - no process of learning - does not depend on the presence of specific antigens Acquired: - process of learning - does depend on the presence of specific antigens

Question 39

Physical Barriers of the Innate Immune System

Answer 39

Skin (secrete fatty acids), Eyes (tears), Mouth (saliva), Air passageways (mucous & cilia), Stomach (HCl)