Immune System

Question 1

Define immunity ?

Answer 1

The ability to ward if damage or disease caused by pathogens or Timor cells

Question 2

What are the two types of immunity ?

Answer 2

1) innate ( in. One hereditary )

2 adaptive ( acquired during more due to particular antigens )

Question 3

The immune system has two defenders systems what are they ?

Answer 3

Innate defences (skin, mucus membrane )

Adaptive defended are huge humoral immunity (b cells)
And cellular immunity ( T cells)

Question 4

What are the two lines is defence

Answer 4

1) first line of defense: physical barriers like skin and mucus membranes , vomiting , tears , gastric ujuices 2)

second line of defence
Natural killer phagocyte cells
Fever
Inflammation

Question 5

What are interferons ?

Answer 5

Increases resistance of cells to infection,

Slows down the disease

Complement system
Attacks and breaks down cell walls
Attracts phagocytes
Stimulates inflammation

Question 6

What are antimicrobial substances ?

Answer 6

Chemicals and proteins produced get the body discouraging microbial growth

I

Question 7

Name four types of interferons that discourage microbial growth ?

Answer 7

1) chemicals early warning system
2) !released by viral infected cells
3) !detected by neighbouring body cells that arm against virus replication

Question 8

What are the 4 signs of inflammatory ?

Answer 8

Redness
Pain
Hear
Swelling

Question 9

During the the three stages the first one is called
Vasodilation :
What are the three stages of inflammatory response ?

Answer 9

• allows more blood to flow to the damaged area and removes toxins and debris
• permeability increases allowing entente to antibodies for clotting during injury
• seen redness and heat

Question 10

Second stage is emigration

Answer 10

Emigration of phagocytes
Neutrophils dominate in early stages by die off quickly

Macrophages dominate growth and repair in later stages

Question 11

What is pus?

Answer 11

Pus is a mass of dead phagocytes and damaged tissue

Question 12

Define edema

Answer 12

Swelling from increased permeability of blood vessels

Question 13

Name two types of immune cells

Answer 13

B lymphocytes -
Produce antibodies when activate as plasma cells

T lymphocytes attach invaders
Also known as cell mediated immunity

Question 14

What else to sox activated T cells do ?

Answer 14

Some of the T cells become y cytotoxic cells who directly kill foreign invaders

Question 15

What is a clinal selection

Answer 15

A population of identical sells all recognizing the same antigen as the original cell

Question 16

When activated lymphocytes go through clinal weld tom what two things do they produce ?

Answer 16

Effector cells
- active T cells , active cytotoxic trellis and plasma cell

And memory cells mynpart of immune response but rapidly on subsequent exposure

Question 17

What are antibodies

Answer 17

Specialized proteins that bind to epitopes ( partialbantigen)

Question 18

Define eosinophils

Answer 18

Emigrate
Phagocytosis
Control antiflammatory response

Question 19

Basophils are

Answer 19

Emigrate
Not phagocytize
Relearn histamine and for inflammation as well

Question 20

Monocytes and lymphocytes are agranular true or false

Answer 20

True

Question 21

Function of cytotoxic T cell?

Answer 21

Hold infected or altered host cell

Question 22

Helper T cell

Answer 22

Secreted cytokines which stimulated b and T cells

Question 23

Memory t. Ell

Answer 23

Diffferent from cytotoxic T cell

Question 24

B cell

Answer 24

Activates into memory B cells or plasma cells

Question 25

Plasma cells do what

Answer 25

Secrete antibodies

Question 26

T cells mature where after migrating from the red blood enmarrie ?

Answer 26

Thymus

Question 27

Describe your a blood ?

Answer 27

Surface Antigen A

Then your plasma contains anti b bodies

Question 28

If you’re type void b

Answer 28

Your plasma thus carries type A antigens

Question 29

If you have type AB blood

Answer 29

Your plasma has not a nor b antibodies

Question 30

If type 0

Answer 30

Then no A and b antibodies