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Foundations #2 > immuniology > Flashcards

immuniology Flashcards

(110 cards)

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1
Q

are exaggerated or inappropriate immune responses to benign antigens

A

hypersensitivity reactions

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2
Q

Type I reactions are mediated by

A

IG- E

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3
Q

Types II,III reactions are mediated by

A

IG-G

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4
Q

what hypersensitivity reactions are antibody-mediated

A

I,II,III

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5
Q

what hypersensitivity reactions are cell mediate

A

IV

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6
Q

Immediate (Anaphylactic) Hypersensitivity is what type of reaction

A

Type I

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7
Q

Symptoms such as edema and erythema are called

A

wheel flare

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8
Q

what cell mediator is responsible for allergic reactions

A

histamine

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9
Q

The late phase of IgE-mediated inflammation occurs approximately how many hours after exposure

A

6

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10
Q

neutrophils and eosinophils, are associated with what phase of the hypersensitivity reaction

A

Late phase

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11
Q

The most severe form of type I hypersensitivity is

A

systemic anaphylaxis

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12
Q

The most common causes of anaphylaxis are foods such as

A

peanuts and shellfish, bee venom, and drugs such as penicillin.

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13
Q

Histamine is produced by what type of cells

A

basophils, eosinophils

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14
Q

Atopic disorders, such as hay fever, asthma, eczema, and urticaria, are immediate hypersensitivity reactions with both an

A

environmental trigger and a strong familial predisposition

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15
Q

clinically useful example is the skin test using (test for PCN) reaction

A

penicilloyl polylysine

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16
Q

anything that causes an immune response.

Eg. bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites, or smaller proteins that they express (aka “pathogens”).

A

antigens

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17
Q

another name for an antibody is an

A

immunoglobulin or IG

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18
Q

a protein molecule created by our immune system to target an antigen for destruction.

A

antibody

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19
Q

cytokines are produced by what kind of cell

A

leukocytes

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20
Q

what are the two broad

A
  1. Innate - non specific
  2. Adaptive - specific
    * however there is some crossover
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21
Q

The formation and development of the cells that make up “blood”

A

Hematopoiesis

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22
Q

Hematopoiesis when you are an embyro happens where.

A
  1. Liver
  2. spleen
  3. Thymus
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23
Q

Hematopoiesis when you are an adult happens where.

A

occurs primarily in bone marrow small amount in lymphatic tissues

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24
Q 
These cells are all what type of cell 
Basophil
neutrophil 
eosinophil 
monocyte
A

Granulocyte

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25
monocyte can develop into what two types of cells
macrophage | dendritic cell
26
1. B cells 2. T cells 3. NK cells all of these are derrived from what type of cell.
lymphoid progenitor
27
what cells are APC (antigen presenting cell)
macrophage dendritic cells esosinophils
28
``` these are characteristics of what immune system IMMEDIATE Non-Specific Response…no memory Response does NOT increase with repeat exposure ```
innate
29
what chemical decrease clotting
heparin
30
what chemical is associated with allergies
histamine
31
are basophils common
no
32
what do basophils release
histamine and heparin
33
Release H2O2 and other oxygen radicals to kill Active in allergic reactions, asthma microbes:
Eosinophils
34
Most abundant of the granulocytes First Responders Strongly Phagocytic
Neutrophils
35
what Interleukins are responsible for fever
1 and 6
36
what Interleukin are responsible for acute-phase response
6
37
What interferon is the strongest
gamma (Y)
38
cell-to-cell communication proteins that control cell
CYTOKINES
39
activates neutrophils, mediates septic shock, causes tumor necrosis.
Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)
40
Block virus replication
Interferons (IFN)
41
Release histamine and heparin causing inflammatory cascade Leave the bone marrow as immature cells, mature in tissues Present in tissues that are boundaries b/t “inside” and “outside” (esp. mucosa)
Mast cell
42
What is the BP response to anaphylaxis
decrease
43
what is they key cells is allergic reactions (3)
mast basophils eosinophils
44
Monos, Macros and Dendros have 3 primary functions:
Phagocytosis Antigen presentation (APCs) Cytokine production
45
where are 1/2 the monocyes stored?
spleen
46
Specialized dendritic cells in skin
Langerhans cells* | -This may have to do with HIV
47
Large phagocytes release TNF and Interleukins (ILs) Also act as APCs
Macrophages
48
After digesting a pathogen, a macrophage will present the antigen to a
Helper T cell
49
Specialized macrophages within the liver
Kupffer cells
50
function of Kupffer cells
Destroy bacteria & old RBCs
51
(blank cells) kill their target by releasing perforins and proteases that cause cell membrane lysis or trigger apoptosis in the target cell can also cause apoptosis in their target by surface contact
natural killer
52
on-call” | hang out in the
bloodstream, liver and spleen
53
Cell surface molecules which help the immune system to determine if a protein is “self” or “not-self”
MHC complex
54
Determines organ donation compatibility
MHC complex
55
maybe responsible for atherosclerosis
C-reactive protein
56
the complement system is activated by what
antigens - the complement system helps recruited other cells to destroy antigens.
57
destruction by phagocytes
Opsonization
58
This causes lysis of the cell by disrupting osmotic balance Microbe will swell and burst
membrane attack complex
59
Response is IMMEDIATE Response in NON-SPECIFIC; it is the same each time, regardless of the pathogen Response DOES NOT INCREASE with repeat exposure to pathogen
Innate immune system
60
can an antibody (IG) recognize more than one antigen
no
61
antigen binds to what segment
FAB
62
what is the mnemonic for all IG
``` G A M E D ```
63
What IG is in the acute phase
IG-M
64
What IG is in the chronic phase
IG- G
65
what IG is found in CSF
IG-G
66
What is the only IG taht crosses the placenta
IG-G
67
what IG has teh longest 1/2 life
IG-G 23 days
68
Helps Natural Killer cells find their targets- opsonization Immobilizes bacteria by binding to their cilia or flagella Activates complement Neutralizes toxins and some viruses by binding
IG-G
69
what IG Primarily found in External Secretions
IG- A | - Colostrum
70
what IG Binds to mast cells and basophils
IG- E
71
4 Secondary Lymphoid Organs
Spleen Lymph nodes Tonsils & adenoids Appendix
72
Primary Lymphoid Organs:
Thymus (T-cells) in children | Bone marrow
73
function of effector B cell
produce antibodies
74
two types of B cells
1. Effector: produce antibodies | 2. memory: remember... yes
75
what type of cell eliminated extracellular pathogen
B-Cells
76
Destroy INTRACELLULAR pathogens:
T cells
77
Two types of T cells
CD4: Helper CD8: killer
78
What is the only antibody to cross the placenta
IG-G (1/2 life 23 days)
79
what antibody triggers degranulation
IG-E
80
what blocks virus replication
IFN
81
what granulocyto closes the airway
eosinophil
82
what granulocyte is active against bacteria & fungi
neutriphil
83
What cell is the strongest associated with anaphylaxis
mast
84
what cell activated helper T
dendritic
85
Langerham cells are associated with
HIV
86
kuffer cells are what type of cells
macrophages
87
what type of cells trigger apoptosis
NK cells
88
what cells determine tissue compatibility
MHC / HLA complex
89
what marks the cell for distruction
opsonization
90
what does histamine do
(vasodialation)
91
epitope is a marker of
not self
92
strep pyogenes is associated with what autoimmune
RA
93
RA is associated with what defect
cardaic
94
Borrreli burdgorferi is associated with what auto immune
lyme arthritis
95
Hep B is associated with what auto immune disease
MS
96
what autoimmune is associated with opthalmopathy
graves
97
what auto immune is associated with acetocholine
MG
98
what autoimmune is assocuated with double stranded DNA
SLE
99
Mumps measles and rubella use what type of vacinne
live attenuated
100
poliovirus, hepatitis A, Japanese encephalitis use what type of vaccine
inactivated
101
what is a downside to live vaccines
must be refrigerated (but they last the longest)
102
timeline for type I reaction
min
103
timeline for type II reaction
hours
104
Timeline for type III
2-3 weeks (this is the transplant, blood one)
105
timeline for Type IV
2-3 days (cell mediated)
106
Primary lymphoid organ
- bone marrow | - Thymus (one in children)
107
secondary lymphoid organ
- spleen - Thymus - tonsils - appendix - Adenoids
108
IG- G found in what locations
- blood - lymph - CSF - peritoneal fluid
109
What IG is found in external secretions
IG A
110
what cells release perorin
NK cells

Foundations #2 (3 decks)

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