Immunisation and Prophylaxis Flashcards
What is immunisation?
Creation of immunity against a disease
What is prophylaxis?
Treatment given or taken to prevent disease
Who is immunisation given to?
- Childhood schedule
- Special patient groups
- Occupational
- Travelers
Who is prophylaxis given to?
- Travelers
- Post-exposure
- Surgical
What are the different branches of immunity?
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How does the antibody response to infection differ in the primary and secondary response?
Secondary response is much faster
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Vaccines can be killed or alive, how does their mechanism of action differ?
- Killed causes production of antibodies, which decreases over time so needs a few doses to produce immunological memory
- Live vaccine replicates to more antibodies are produced and only one dose needed
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What is an example of a disease eradicated by a vaccine?
Smallpox
What are the different kinds of vaccines?
Live attenuated
Inactivated (killed)
Detoxified exotoxin
Subunit of micro-organism
What are examples of live attenuated vaccines?
- Measles, mumps, rubella (MMR)
- BCG
- Varicella-zoster virus
- Yellow fever
- Smallpox
- Typhoid (oral)
- Polio (oral)
- Rotavirus (oral)
What are examples of inactivated (killed) vaccines?
- Polio (in combined vaccine D/T/P/Hib)
- Hepatitis A
- Cholera (oral)
- Rabies
- Japanese encephalitis
- Tick-borne encephalitis
- Influenza
What are examples of detoxified exotoxin vaccines?
- Diphtheria
- Tetanus
What are examples of subunit of microorganism vaccines?
- Pertussis (acellular)
- Haemophilus influenzae type b
- Meningococcus (group C)
- Pneumococcus
- Typhoid
- Anthrax
- Hepatitis B
What is the “6 in 1” vaccine that children get?
Children get a “6 in 1” vaccine, called the infanrix hexa:
- D = purified diphtheria toxoid
- T = purified tetanus toxoid
- aP = purified Bordetella pertussis
- IPV= inactivated polio virus
- Hib= purified component of Haemophilus influenzae b
- HBV= hepatitis B rDNA
What is in the 6 in 1 vaccine that children get?
Children get a “6 in 1” vaccine, called the infanrix hexa:
- D = purified diphtheria toxoid
- T = purified tetanus toxoid
- aP = purified Bordetella pertussis
- IPV= inactivated polio virus
- Hib= purified component of Haemophilus influenzae b
- HBV= hepatitis B rDNA