Immunity

Question 1

All the chemical mediators are vasodilators except..

Answer 1

Serotonin

Question 2

The immunoglobulin directly related to allergy is..

Answer 2

IgE

Question 3

The most abundant cell in blood film during allergy is..

Answer 3

Eosinophils

Question 4

The most predominant cell from the granulocytes is..

Answer 4

Neutrophils

Question 5

Eosinophils are released in 2 situations;

Answer 5

Allergy
Parasitic infestation

Question 6

The most predominant cells of acute inflammation are..

Answer 6

Neutrophils

Question 7

The Agranulocytes are

Answer 7

Monocytes
Lymphocytes

Question 8

The adaptive immunity is divided into…,…

Answer 8

Cell mediated immunity (T-cells)
Humoral immunity (B-cells)

Question 9

The largest Immunoglobulin is..

Answer 9

IgM

Question 10

During an infection the 1st immunoglobulin to be released is the.. and the 2nd is..

Answer 10

IgM
IgG

Question 11

The most frequent immunoglobulin is the..

Answer 11

IgG

Question 12

The immunoglobulin that crosses the placenta..

Answer 12

IgG

Question 13

The sequence of class switching is..

Answer 13

MD—-GAE (مدد جاي)

Question 14

Which class of HLA is present of uncleared cells?

Answer 14

Class 1

Question 15

Which class of HLA is present on the B & T lymphocytes?

Answer 15

Class 2 (DR, DP, DQ)

Question 16

The HLA classes responsible for graft rejection are..

Answer 16

DR—-DP—-B—-C—-A
(Dr. Deep BCA)

Question 17

Mention the 4 types of hypersensitivity

Answer 17

(ACID, E GM GM T)

1-Anaphylactic
2-Cytotoxic
3-Immune complex
4-Delayed T-cell mediated

Question 18

What’s is the mechanism of anaphylaxis?

Answer 18

On reexposure to the antigen, the IgE causes release of chemical mediators like histamine

Question 19

What’s is the mechanism of type 2 hypersensitivity (cytotoxic)?

Answer 19

The antigen is part of the cell membrane and this activated the IgM and IgG to cause cell lysis

Question 20

What is the mechanism of type 3 hypersensitivity (Immune complex)?

Answer 20

The antibodies IgG and IgM reacts with the antigen producing immune complex which deposits in the basement membrane of the tissue.

Question 21

What is the mechanism of type 4 hypersensitivity (Delayed T-cell mediated)?

Answer 21

The T-lymphocytes are sensitized and produce lymphokine’s that causes tissue necrosis.

Question 22

What’s is the onset of the 4 types of hypersensitivity?

Answer 22

Type1: minutes
Type2: hours
Type3: hours
Type4: 2-3 days

Question 23

Mention examples for type 1 hypersensitivity.

Answer 23

Asthma
Hay fever
Drug allergy
Pollens and food
Rubber catheter

Question 24

Mention examples for type 2 hypersensitivity.

Answer 24

Autoimmune hemolytic anemia
Immune thrombocytopenia perpura (ITP)

Question 25

Mention examples for type 3 hypersensitivity.

Answer 25

SLA, RA Glomerulonephritis Aspriglleus

Question 26

Mention examples for type 4 hypersensitivity.

Answer 26

Graft rejection Contact dermatitis Latex allergy Tuberculin test

Question 27

Mention examples for type 5 hypersensitivity. (Autoimmune)

Answer 27

Grave’s disease Myasthenia gravis disease

Question 28

Mention some examples of autoimmune diseases.

Answer 28

-Endocrine diseases: hashimoto thyroiditis and Addison disease. -Inflammatory bowl disease: UC and Chron’s disease. -Collagen disease: Rheumatoid arthritis, SLE -Auto immune hepatitis and autoimmune hemolytic anemia

Question 29

The defect in osteogenesis imperfects is in.. and in the Ehlers danlos is in..

Answer 29

Collagen type 1, Collagen type 1 and 3

Question 30

The clinical picture of osteogenesis imperfecta is..

Answer 30

Irregular patches of ossification on x-ray + multiple fractures in children

Question 31

In Marhan’s syndrome there is deficiency in..

Answer 31

Fibrillin-1 due to mutation in a gene present on chromosome 15

Question 32

What is the clinical picture of Marhan’s syndrome?

Answer 32

MARFAn’S -Mitral valve prolapses -Aortic aneurysm, dissection -Retinal detachment -Fibrillin-1 deficiency -Arachnodactyly and pectins excavatum, tall thin man. -Subluxation of the lens

Question 33

What is the clinical picture of the acute phase of AIDS

Answer 33

Lymphadenopathy Fever Rash

Question 34

What’s are the manifestations of AIDS?

Answer 34

-Opportunistic infections as candida -Generalized lymphadenopathy due to (Follicular hyperplasia) -Kaposi sarcoma -White hairy leukoplakia

Question 35

What’s is the marker of detection of AIDS by ELISA?

Answer 35

P24 antigen

Question 36

What are the causes of massive splenomegaly?

Answer 36

(GMC) -Gaucher disease -Malaria, myelofibrosis -Chronic myeloid leukemia, kala azar

Question 37

What’s are the characters of felty syndrome?

Answer 37

-Rheumatoid disease -Neutropenia -Splenomegaly

Question 38

What are the cause of hyposplenism?

Answer 38

Celiac disease Amyloidosis

Question 39

What are the causes of splenic rutile without trauma?

Answer 39

EBV

Question 40

What’s are the causes of splenic atrophy?

Answer 40

Sickle cell anemia

Question 41

What’s is the clinical picture of infectious mononucleosis (IMN)?

Answer 41

Caused by EBV; -Generalized lymphadenopathy -Hepatospleenomegaly -flu like symptoms -15-20 years

Question 42

The most sensitive and specific cells in blood picture post splenectomy are;

Answer 42

Howell jolly bodies Pappenheimer cells Target cells Concentrated RBCs

Question 43

The 1st blood component to increase after splenectomy is..

Answer 43

Platelets

Question 44

Mention the capsulated organisms that cause the OPSI (Over whelming post splenectomy sepsis)

Answer 44

(Even some super killers have pretty nice big capsule) -E.Coli -Strept-pneumniae (pneumococci) -Salmonella -Klabsiella -H.Influenza -Pseudomonas -Neisseria meningitis -Bacteriod -Cryptococcus

Question 45

What are the vaccines taken before or after splenectomy? And the doses?

Answer 45

(NHS) Neisseria meningitis H.influenza Strept-pneumniae -The initial dose for all is 2 weeks before or after splenectomy. -Booster doses (respectively); 1 month 1 year 5 years