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General Pathology > Immunity > Flashcards

Immunity Flashcards

1
Q

All the chemical mediators are vasodilators except..

A

Serotonin

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2
Q

The immunoglobulin directly related to allergy is..

A

IgE

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3
Q

The most abundant cell in blood film during allergy is..

A

Eosinophils

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4
Q

The most predominant cell from the granulocytes is..

A

Neutrophils

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5
Q

Eosinophils are released in 2 situations;

A

Allergy
Parasitic infestation

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6
Q

The most predominant cells of acute inflammation are..

A

Neutrophils

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7
Q

The Agranulocytes are

A

Monocytes
Lymphocytes

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8
Q

The adaptive immunity is divided into…,…

A

Cell mediated immunity (T-cells)
Humoral immunity (B-cells)

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9
Q

The largest Immunoglobulin is..

A

IgM

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10
Q

During an infection the 1st immunoglobulin to be released is the.. and the 2nd is..

A

IgM
IgG

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11
Q

The most frequent immunoglobulin is the..

A

IgG

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12
Q

The immunoglobulin that crosses the placenta..

A

IgG

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13
Q

The sequence of class switching is..

A

MD—-GAE (مدد جاي)

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14
Q

Which class of HLA is present of uncleared cells?

A

Class 1

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15
Q

Which class of HLA is present on the B & T lymphocytes?

A

Class 2 (DR, DP, DQ)

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16
Q

The HLA classes responsible for graft rejection are..

A

DR—-DP—-B—-C—-A
(Dr. Deep BCA)

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17
Q

Mention the 4 types of hypersensitivity

A

(ACID, E GM GM T)

1-Anaphylactic
2-Cytotoxic
3-Immune complex
4-Delayed T-cell mediated

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18
Q

What’s is the mechanism of anaphylaxis?

A

On reexposure to the antigen, the IgE causes release of chemical mediators like histamine

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19
Q

What’s is the mechanism of type 2 hypersensitivity (cytotoxic)?

A

The antigen is part of the cell membrane and this activated the IgM and IgG to cause cell lysis

20
Q

What is the mechanism of type 3 hypersensitivity (Immune complex)?

A

The antibodies IgG and IgM reacts with the antigen producing immune complex which deposits in the basement membrane of the tissue.

21
Q

What is the mechanism of type 4 hypersensitivity (Delayed T-cell mediated)?

A

The T-lymphocytes are sensitized and produce lymphokine’s that causes tissue necrosis.

22
Q

What’s is the onset of the 4 types of hypersensitivity?

A

Type1: minutes
Type2: hours
Type3: hours
Type4: 2-3 days

23
Q

Mention examples for type 1 hypersensitivity.

A

Asthma
Hay fever
Drug allergy
Pollens and food
Rubber catheter

24
Q

Mention examples for type 2 hypersensitivity.

A

Autoimmune hemolytic anemia
Immune thrombocytopenia perpura (ITP)

25
Q

Mention examples for type 3 hypersensitivity.

A

SLA, RA
Glomerulonephritis
Aspriglleus

26
Q

Mention examples for type 4 hypersensitivity.

A

Graft rejection
Contact dermatitis
Latex allergy
Tuberculin test

27
Q

Mention examples for type 5 hypersensitivity. (Autoimmune)

A

Grave’s disease
Myasthenia gravis disease

28
Q

Mention some examples of autoimmune diseases.

A

-Endocrine diseases: hashimoto thyroiditis and Addison disease.
-Inflammatory bowl disease: UC and Chron’s disease.
-Collagen disease: Rheumatoid arthritis, SLE
-Auto immune hepatitis and autoimmune hemolytic anemia

29
Q

The defect in osteogenesis imperfects is in.. and in the Ehlers danlos is in..

A

Collagen type 1, Collagen type 1 and 3

30
Q

The clinical picture of osteogenesis imperfecta is..

A

Irregular patches of ossification on x-ray + multiple fractures in children

31
Q

In Marhan’s syndrome there is deficiency in..

A

Fibrillin-1 due to mutation in a gene present on chromosome 15

32
Q

What is the clinical picture of Marhan’s syndrome?

A

MARFAn’S

-Mitral valve prolapses
-Aortic aneurysm, dissection
-Retinal detachment
-Fibrillin-1 deficiency
-Arachnodactyly and pectins excavatum, tall thin man.
-Subluxation of the lens

33
Q

What is the clinical picture of the acute phase of AIDS

A

Lymphadenopathy
Fever
Rash

34
Q

What’s are the manifestations of AIDS?

A

-Opportunistic infections as candida
-Generalized lymphadenopathy due to (Follicular hyperplasia)
-Kaposi sarcoma
-White hairy leukoplakia

35
Q

What’s is the marker of detection of AIDS by ELISA?

A

P24 antigen

36
Q

What are the causes of massive splenomegaly?

A

(GMC)
-Gaucher disease
-Malaria, myelofibrosis
-Chronic myeloid leukemia, kala azar

37
Q

What’s are the characters of felty syndrome?

A

-Rheumatoid disease
-Neutropenia
-Splenomegaly

38
Q

What are the cause of hyposplenism?

A

Celiac disease
Amyloidosis

39
Q

What are the causes of splenic rutile without trauma?

A

EBV

40
Q

What’s are the causes of splenic atrophy?

A

Sickle cell anemia

41
Q

What’s is the clinical picture of infectious mononucleosis (IMN)?

A

Caused by EBV;
-Generalized lymphadenopathy
-Hepatospleenomegaly
-flu like symptoms
-15-20 years

42
Q

The most sensitive and specific cells in blood picture post splenectomy are;

A

Howell jolly bodies
Pappenheimer cells
Target cells
Concentrated RBCs

43
Q

The 1st blood component to increase after splenectomy is..

A

Platelets

44
Q

Mention the capsulated organisms that cause the OPSI (Over whelming post splenectomy sepsis)

A

(Even some super killers have pretty nice big capsule)
-E.Coli
-Strept-pneumniae (pneumococci)
-Salmonella
-Klabsiella
-H.Influenza
-Pseudomonas
-Neisseria meningitis
-Bacteriod
-Cryptococcus

45
Q

What are the vaccines taken before or after splenectomy?
And the doses?

A

(NHS)
Neisseria meningitis
H.influenza
Strept-pneumniae

-The initial dose for all is 2 weeks before or after splenectomy.
-Booster doses (respectively);
1 month
1 year
5 years

General Pathology (3 decks)

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