Immunity

Question 1

immunity

Answer 1

occurs after a person has become infected and their adaptive immune system develops a lasting immunity to that disease

Question 2

Active

Answer 2

natural- antibodies made after exposure
artificial- getting a vaccination

Question 3

Passive

Answer 3

passive- antibodies from a mother
artificial- immune serum medicine

Question 4

artificial immunity

Answer 4

immunity developed for medical intervention (antivenom for a snake bite)

Question 5

Vaccine

Answer 5

a preparation that is used to stimulate the body’s immune response against diseases
body recognises the previously encountered antigen and is ready to launch an immune response

Question 6

4 types of vaccines

Answer 6

Attenuated, inactivated, toxoid, virus-like particles

Question 7

Attenuated

Answer 7

pathogens grown in lab altered to significantly reduce their virulence
(measles, chickenpox)

Question 8

Inactivated

Answer 8

pathogens grown in a lab destroyed by radiation so they don’t cause disease

Question 9

Toxoid and VLP

Answer 9

toxin produced by a pathogen that is altered to longer cause disease (tetanus)
a protein capsid with antigen on the pathogen’s surface (HPV)

Question 10

vaccination program

Answer 10

rely on adaptive immunity to generate immunity
some vaccines need more than one dose to reach an adequate amount of immunity

Question 11

Primary Immune response

Answer 11

after first vaccination
moderate level of antibodies and memory cells
numbers dwindles over time

Question 12

Secondary Immune response

Answer 12

second vaccination
response rapid with creation of antibodies and memory cells

Question 13

Herd Immunity

Answer 13

refers to when the majority of the population/ community is inoculated
against a disease, helping to prevent the disease spreading to those who haven’t been vaccinated
those with allergies, weakened immune systems are protected

Question 14

How does herd immunity work?

Answer 14

if a large proportion of a population is vaccinated against a disease (magic number is 95%) cannot be be easily produced bc not susceptible to

Question 15

Antivenom

Answer 15

a medical treatment used to counteract the venom from an animal. The pateint produces antibodies that neutralise the toxic effects of the bite.

Question 16

How does antivenom work?

Answer 16

antibodies are in the antivenom which allow the body to produce immunity against the venom. The third line of defence will produce specific b memeory cells and antibodies to combat the venom.

Question 17

Independent variable

Answer 17

variable you can manipulate/ vary im the experimental study

Question 18

dependent variable

Answer 18

variable measured in the experiement

Question 19

controlled

Answer 19

varaibles kept the same (temperature, equipment)

Question 20

control group

Answer 20

to view the results of the altered variables