IMMUNITY

Question 1

What are examples of a ‘Microbe’?

Answer 1

Bacteria and viruses

Question 2

Define an ‘Antimicrobial Substance’.

Answer 2

Kills/damage microbes

Question 3

What is an ‘Antigen’?

Answer 3

Molecule elicit a response from hosts

Question 4

Define an ‘Epitope’ .

Answer 4

A component of an antigen (antigen determinant)

Question 5

Define an ‘Innate Immunity’

Answer 5

• Born with
• Reacts with microbes
• Relies on phagocytes/antimicrobials
• Stimulates Adaptive

Question 6

What does the ‘First Line of Defense’ of Innate involve?

Answer 6

Skin/Mucous Membrane

Question 7

What does the ‘Second Line of Defense’ of Innate involve?

Answer 7

• Antimicrobial Substances
• Natural Killer Cells
• Phagocytes

Question 8

Define ‘Adaptive Immunity’.

Answer 8

• Specific response
• Attacks microbe and antigens
• Generates ‘memory’

Question 9

What is the function of Lymphocytes (B and T-Cells)?

Answer 9

Act as regulators and effectors

Question 10

What are Accessory Cells?

Answer 10

Phagocytes that kill/break an invader

Question 11

What are Dendritic Cells?

Answer 11

Present antigens/epitopes to killers

Question 12

Explain Humoral Immunity.

Answer 12

Immune cells circulate in the blood/lymph

Question 13

B-Cells are key players in Humoral Immunity, what is their function?

Answer 13

• Recognizing microbes/antigens

- Produce antibodies

Question 14

What is a Plasma Cell?

Answer 14

Mature B-Cell, produces/secretes antibodies for a specific antigen (immunoglobulins)

Question 15

What are Memory Cells?

Answer 15

B-Cell that responds quickly to the same antigen if occurred twice

Question 16

Describe IgG.

Answer 16

• 70-80% of antibodies

- Crosses placenta

Question 17

Describe IgA.

Answer 17

• Found in breast milk

- “Bodily fluids”

Question 18

Describe IgM.

Answer 18

• Stays in blood/lymph
• Form first after immunization
• Forms ABO blood antibodies

Question 19

Describe IgE.

Answer 19

• “Allergy Indicators”
• Binds to Mast Cells/Attracts Eosinophils
• Responds to parasite

Question 20

Describe IgD.

Answer 20

Needed for B-Cell maturation

Question 21

Define Cellular Immunity.

Answer 21

Immune system communication via cell-to-cell contact or secreting messenger compounds

Question 22

T-Cells are responsible for Cellular Immunity, what are their other functions?

Answer 22

• Regulate/secrete antibodies
• Kill infections/tumor cells
• Activates IgE

Question 23

What are “CD4 Cells”?

Answer 23

• T-HELPER Cells (Up regulation)
• *key regulators
• Activates B and T Cells

Question 24

What are “Tregs”?

Answer 24

• REGULATORY T Cells (Down regulation)
• Suppress/modify immune resp.
• Control response/ensure healthy cells are not killed

Question 25

What are "CD-8 Cells"?

Answer 25

- T-CYTOTOXIC - Destroy identified/presenting antigens - Kill virus-infected cells

Question 26

What are Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC)?

Answer 26

Group of genes that determine tissue and blood compatibility

Question 27

What are Major Histocompatibility Complex called in humans?

Answer 27

Human Leukocyte Antigens (HLA)

Question 28

What are the 2 classes of HLA?

Answer 28

Class 1: Cell Surface | Class 2: Immune Sys. Cells

Question 29

Describe Auto-Immunity.

Answer 29

Immune response against body's own healthy tissues

Question 30

What is Hypersensitivity Disorder?

Answer 30

Abnormal activation of immune system to antigens that produce inflammation, causing tissue damage

Question 31

Describe Type 1: Immediate Hypersensitivity. | What is it 'mediated with'?

Answer 31

- Mediated by IgE | - "Allergic reactions"

Question 32

Describe Type 2: Antibody Mediated Hypersensitivity. | What is it 'mediated with'?

Answer 32

- Mediated by IgM or IgG | - "Directed against blood cells"

Question 33

Describe Type 3: Immune Complex Mediated Hypersensitivity. | What is it 'mediated with'?

Answer 33

- Mediated by IgM and IgG | - "Vessel Lining Damage"

Question 34

Describe Type 4: Delayed or Cell Mediated Hypersensitivity. | What is it 'mediated with'?

Answer 34

- Mediated by T-Cells | - "Infiltration of the tissue"