Immunity

Question 1

Function of the immunity system?

Answer 1

Protect from invaders differentiates from self and non self cells

Question 2

What are lymphocytes?

Answer 2

B cells
T cells
Natural killer cells

Question 3

What are granulocytes

Answer 3

WBC’s such as neutrophils, eisonophils, basophils, and mast cells

Question 4

What is the nonspecific immunity system?

Answer 4

Innate, natural from birth
Has external barriers
Inflammatory response 
Phagocytic activity
Normal flora

Question 5

What is specific immunity?

Answer 5

Acquired and adaptive from being exposed to antigens
Primary (humoral)
Secondary (tissue)

Question 6

Basophil function?

Answer 6

Promote inflammation with mast cells

Question 7

Eisonophils function?

Answer 7

Active during allergic responses

Question 8

Neutrophils function?

Answer 8

Phagocytosis and antigen presentation

Question 9

Agranulocytes are?

Answer 9

Monocytes and macrophages

Question 10

Non specific cells that eat are?

Answer 10

Macrophages

Question 11

The three defenses of the immune system in order, to create immunocompetence

Answer 11

Phagocytic response
Humoral response
Tissue response

Question 12

What is the humoral response?

Answer 12

Blood/lymph mediated. Creates B cells

Question 13

What is the tissue mediated response?

Answer 13

Cellular response. Creates T cells

Question 14

B cells consist of?

Answer 14

Plasma cells that make antibodies

Memory cells

Question 15

T cells are?

Answer 15

Suppressors
Cytotoxic killer T cells
Effector
Memory cells

Question 16

What is a type 1 allergic reaction?

Answer 16

• Rapid release of IgE (basophils/mast cells release histamine,leukotrine, heparin)
• Smooth muscle contraction of GI/GU
• hypersensitivity to benign substances
• reaction immediate
• ranges from mild to fatal anaphylaxis

Question 17

What can diagnose a type 1 reaction?

Answer 17

CBC with high eisonophil count

Question 18

Symptoms of type 1 reaction?

Answer 18

• urticaria
• wheezing
• cough
• laryngeal edema
• GI sx

Question 19

Nursing interventions for type 1 reactions?

Answer 19

• Education Epi-Pen
• How to read food labels
• Sx of allergic reaction
• Wear med alert bracelet

Question 20

Symptoms of anaphylaxis?

Answer 20

SOB, edema airway, laryngeal obx, hoarseness,
stridor, wheezing, accessory muscle use, sneezing, nasal congestion
◦ Pruritus, urticaria, angioedema
◦ Hypotension, cardiac arrhythmias, sweating
◦ Smooth muscle spasms (cramps), NVD, urinary
urge/incontinence
◦ Sense of doom

Question 21

What is a type 2 reaction?

Answer 21

Response to blood transfusion
• Typically occur during/immediately /p administration ◦ ◦
• Transfusion reaction symptoms include back pain, dark
urine, chills, fainting, dizziness, fever, flank pain, flushing,
shortness of breath, itching
Type II Reaction
Nurse stays nearby Checks VS frequently and monitors for S/S reaction

Question 22

What is a type 3 reaction?

Answer 22

Type 3 RXN
◦ Occurs after Tdap, Pneumo, anti-venom, etc
• SX
◦ 6-10 days /p admin ◦ Site inflammation, fever, lymphadenopathy, urticaria, joint tenderness, proteinuria, paralysis (GB)
• TX
◦ Antihistamines, corticosteroids, vent support?
• Nursing
◦ Education with vaccinations

Question 23

What is type 4 allergic reaction?

Answer 23

Contact
◦ 4 subtypes allergic, irritant, phototoxic, photo
allergic
• Assessment
◦ Itching, erythema, vesicles, edema, weeping,
crusting, drying/peeling of skin, lichenification