Immunity Flashcards
(23 cards)
Function of the immunity system?
Protect from invaders differentiates from self and non self cells
What are lymphocytes?
B cells
T cells
Natural killer cells
What are granulocytes
WBC’s such as neutrophils, eisonophils, basophils, and mast cells
What is the nonspecific immunity system?
Innate, natural from birth Has external barriers Inflammatory response Phagocytic activity Normal flora
What is specific immunity?
Acquired and adaptive from being exposed to antigens
Primary (humoral)
Secondary (tissue)
Basophil function?
Promote inflammation with mast cells
Eisonophils function?
Active during allergic responses
Neutrophils function?
Phagocytosis and antigen presentation
Agranulocytes are?
Monocytes and macrophages
Non specific cells that eat are?
Macrophages
The three defenses of the immune system in order, to create immunocompetence
Phagocytic response
Humoral response
Tissue response
What is the humoral response?
Blood/lymph mediated. Creates B cells
What is the tissue mediated response?
Cellular response. Creates T cells
B cells consist of?
Plasma cells that make antibodies
Memory cells
T cells are?
Suppressors
Cytotoxic killer T cells
Effector
Memory cells
What is a type 1 allergic reaction?
- Rapid release of IgE (basophils/mast cells release histamine,leukotrine, heparin)
- Smooth muscle contraction of GI/GU
- hypersensitivity to benign substances
- reaction immediate
- ranges from mild to fatal anaphylaxis
What can diagnose a type 1 reaction?
CBC with high eisonophil count
Symptoms of type 1 reaction?
- urticaria
- wheezing
- cough
- laryngeal edema
- GI sx
Nursing interventions for type 1 reactions?
- Education Epi-Pen
- How to read food labels
- Sx of allergic reaction
- Wear med alert bracelet
Symptoms of anaphylaxis?
SOB, edema airway, laryngeal obx, hoarseness,
stridor, wheezing, accessory muscle use, sneezing, nasal congestion
◦ Pruritus, urticaria, angioedema
◦ Hypotension, cardiac arrhythmias, sweating
◦ Smooth muscle spasms (cramps), NVD, urinary
urge/incontinence
◦ Sense of doom
What is a type 2 reaction?
Response to blood transfusion
• Typically occur during/immediately /p administration ◦ ◦
• Transfusion reaction symptoms include back pain, dark
urine, chills, fainting, dizziness, fever, flank pain, flushing,
shortness of breath, itching
Type II Reaction
Nurse stays nearby Checks VS frequently and monitors for S/S reaction
What is a type 3 reaction?
Type 3 RXN
◦ Occurs after Tdap, Pneumo, anti-venom, etc
• SX
◦ 6-10 days /p admin ◦ Site inflammation, fever, lymphadenopathy, urticaria, joint tenderness, proteinuria, paralysis (GB)
• TX
◦ Antihistamines, corticosteroids, vent support?
• Nursing
◦ Education with vaccinations
What is type 4 allergic reaction?
Contact
◦ 4 subtypes allergic, irritant, phototoxic, photo
allergic
• Assessment
◦ Itching, erythema, vesicles, edema, weeping,
crusting, drying/peeling of skin, lichenification
