immunity (final)

Question 1

what is HIV human immunodeficiency virus?

Answer 1

retrovirus; causes immonosupression

Question 2

HIV interventions

Answer 2

vaccines
antiretroviral drugs (ART therapy) lifelong
support groups
ELISA test (detects antibodies)

Question 3

HIV causes

Answer 3

unprotected sex
shared needles
drug use
blood transfusions
bodily fluid exposure

Question 4

HIV s/s

Answer 4

flu-like symptoms
fever, headache
weakness, fatigue
facial palsy
decreased immunity
swollen lymph nodes
sore throat
joint pain

Question 5

Tcells CD4 normal count

Answer 5

800-1200

Question 6

CD4 count that immune problems begin

Answer 6

under 500

Question 7

CD4 AIDS diagnosis amount

Answer 7

under 200

Question 8

increased viral load decreased CD4

Answer 8

BAD

Question 9

decreased viral load and increased CD4

Answer 9

GOOD

Question 10

decreased viral load means?

Answer 10

less active and decreased risk of infection

Question 11

ART therapy

Answer 11

lifelong medications
reduces viral load by 90-99%

test viral load 2-4 weeks after starting meds

Question 12

post exposure prophylaxis (PEP)

Answer 12

decreases risk by 80%
start antiretrovirals asap
take for atleast 4 weeks
return for HIV testing 4-6 weeks, 3 months, 6 months

Question 13

main cause of death in HIV patients

Answer 13

opportunistic diseases
seen 2-4 weeks after infected (usually misdiagnosed)

Question 14

what is SLE systemic lupus?

Answer 14

multisystem inflammatory auntoimmune disease

Question 15

SLE causes

Answer 15

environment
race - asian
oral contraceptives
family Hx
stress

all effect flare ups

Question 16

SLE s/s

Answer 16

butterfly rash
alopecia
swollen lymph nodes
photosensitivity
polyarthritis
numb + cold fingers
renal and liver issues
decreased immunity

Question 17

SLE labs / diagnostic tests

Answer 17

BUN and creatinine
ESR
CRP
AST ALT - liver

Question 18

who is at risk for SLE?

Answer 18

women 20-40 years old

Question 19

SLE interventions

Answer 19

NSAIDS
corticosteroids
support groups
antimalarial drugs

avoid pregnancy during flare up
reduce UV exposure

Question 20

what is rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer 20

autoimmune inflammation

Question 21

rheumatoid arthritis causes

Answer 21

age 40-60
obesity
gender (women)
family Hx
smoking
gum disease

Question 22

rheumatoid arthritis s/s

Answer 22

joint pain
weight loss
depression
deformities
morning stiffness
bleeding gums

Question 23

rheumatoid arthritis labs/ diagnostic tests

Answer 23

bone scan
xray
rheumatoid factor
C reactive protein
liver and kidney function

Question 24

rheumatoid arthritis interventions

Answer 24

hot+ cold therapy
decrease joint use
corticosteroids for flare
NSAIDS (pain relief)
DMARDS - disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (slows progression)
methotrexate

Question 25

humoral immunity

Answer 25

production of antibodies

Question 26

IgG

Answer 26

crosses placental border

Question 27

IgE

Answer 27

allergic reaction symptoms 2nd exposure causes anaphylaxis

Question 28

IgM

Answer 28

primary immune response

Question 29

neutrophils

Answer 29

6-12 hrs first to arrive to injured site

Question 30

macrophages

Answer 30

3-7 days eat up 'rust'

Question 31

lymphocytes

Answer 31

later cell mediated immunity

Question 32

optimal immune response

Answer 32

protect body from invasion of microorganisms and other antigens prevents infection

Question 33

hypersensitivity immune response

Answer 33

over exaggeration, loses ability to differentiate between self and non self allergic reaction, bee sting, RA, SLE

Question 34

suppressed immune response

Answer 34

state of immunodeficiency

Question 35

suppressed immune response s/s

Answer 35

frequent infections poor wound healing fatigue malaise weight loss

Question 36

suppressed immune response findings

Answer 36

chronic wounds enlarged lymph nodes

Question 37

C-reactive protein CRP

Answer 37

liver response to inflammation will be increased

Question 38

ESR

Answer 38

indicates inflammation will be increased

Question 39

rheumatoid factor

Answer 39

attacks healthy body presence of RF in blood indicates autoimmune disease

Question 40

diagnostic tests for HIV

Answer 40

ELISA western dot