Immunity to Tumors Flashcards

1
Q

cancer/testis antigens

A

products of genes that are silent in most normal tissues but are expressed in gametes and trophoblasts and in many types of cancers (melanomas and many carcinogens)
-they are not mutated

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2
Q

oncogenic (causing the development of tumor) viruses

-ex. HPV

A

the products of these viruses function as tumor antigens and elicit specific T cell responses that may serve to eradicate the tumors
-viral proteins can be processed and presented by MHC molecules on the tumor cell surface

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3
Q

Oncofetal tumor Antigens

A

proteins that are expressed at high levels in cancer cells and in normal developing fetal but not adult tissues

  • antigens that are identified with antibodies raised in other species
  • provide markers that aid in tumor diagnosis
  • CEA and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) are the most common and their presence may indicate the association of a tumor
  • Most likely passenger mutations
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4
Q

Altered glycoprotein tumor antigens

A

most human tumors express higher than normal levels of glycoproteins and glycolipids which may be diagnostic markers and targets for therapy

ex. mucin glycoproteins such as MUC-1 are expressed on breast and colon carcinomas
- Most likely passenger mutations

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5
Q

immune score for cancers to assess prognosis and direct treatment options.

A

The demonstration that the numbers of different types of T cells within resected tumors correlates with the likelihood of metastatic disease has led to the practice of determining an immune score

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6
Q

NK cell role in immune response to tumors

A

NK cells kill many types of tumor cells, esp. cells that have reduced class 1 MHC expression and express ligands for NK cell-activating receptors

  • > Direct killing
  • > Recognize downregulation of MHC Class I
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7
Q

Macrophage role in immune response to tumors

A

Are capable of both inhibiting and promoting the growth and spread of cancers, depending on their activation state

  • classically activated M1 macrophages can kill many tumor cells
  • Stimulated by IFN-gamma produced by tumor-specific T cells
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