immunity, toic 4

Question 1

what is the lymphatic system?

Answer 1

a network of tubes, glands and nodes
-transports a fluid called lymph which is made up of interstitial fluid

Question 2

what are lymph nodes also called?

Answer 2

lymph glands

Question 3

what do lymph nodes do?

Answer 3

help you fight off infections
-filters that trap virsuses, bacteria and other illnesses

Question 4

do lymph nodes contain alot of WBC?

Answer 4

yes

Question 5

what is the structure of lymph capillaries?

Answer 5

tiny, thin-walled vessels closed at one end

Question 6

where are lymph capillaries located?

Answer 6

in the spaces between the cells

Question 7

what is the purpose of lymph capillaries?

Answer 7

serve to drain interstitial

Question 8

What is the structure of lymph vessels?

Answer 8

Thin walled vessels structured like blood vessels

Question 9

What do lymph vessels do?

Answer 9

Carry lymph toward your lymph ducts

Question 10

What kinda fluid is plasma?

Answer 10

Interstitial fluid

Question 11

Where does plasma leak out of?

Answer 11

The capillaries

Question 12

What is collected by the lymph vessels?

Answer 12

Fluid which will then be transported to major veins where it will renter bloodstream

Question 13

How does the lymph fluid move in one direction?

Answer 13

Because the lymph vessels have valves which force the fluid to move in only one direction

Question 14

What absorbs lipids?

Answer 14

A lymphatic vessel called lacteal in each villus of the small intestine

Question 15

What do resident lymphocytes do?

Answer 15

Remove foreign materials, bacteria, viruses from the lymph fluid

Question 16

What does the immune system do?

Answer 16

Kills and removes pathogens (disease causing agents)

Question 17

What is the first line of defence in immune response?

Answer 17

Physical barriers
-skin

Question 18

What happens in the second line of défense in immunity?

Answer 18

Infection occurs
-destroyed by macrophages

Question 19

What is the third line of défense in the immune response?

Answer 19

Specific cell mediated immunity
-helper T-cells, killer T-cells

Question 20

What is the fourth line of defence in the immune response?

Answer 20

Antibody mediated immunity
-helper T-cells, B-cells, memory cells

Question 21

What kinda cells produce antibodies?

Answer 21

B-cells
-antibodies are specific to each pathogen

Question 22

What are antibodies?

Answer 22

proteins that protect you when an unwanted substance enters your body. Produced by your immune system, antibodies bind to these unwanted substances in order to eliminate them from your system

Question 23

What is an antigen?

Answer 23

Any substance that causes the body to make an immune response against that substance

Question 24

what do killer T-cells do?

Answer 24

destroy damaged, mutated or invaded cells
-this is called cell-mediated immunity

Question 25

what do memory cells do?

Answer 25

retain memory of the foreign invader and rest until anotehr infection occurs

Question 26

what do surpressor T-cells do?

Answer 26

regulate the immune response -turn off the immune resposnse after an infection has been cleared.

Question 27

what is a macrophage?

Answer 27

A type of white blood cell that surrounds and kills microorganisms, removes dead cells, and stimulates the action of other immune system cells

Question 28

What are B-cells?

Answer 28

a type of white blood cell that makes infection-fighting proteins called antibodies.

Question 29

what is a virus?

Answer 29

microscopic organisms that can infect hosts, like humans, plants or animals.

Question 30

what is bacteria?

Answer 30

microscopic living organisms that have only one cell. -they are on skin, airways and mouth

Question 31

what is fungus?

Answer 31

presence of fungi or yeast in the blood

Question 32

what are some physical barriers in the body?

Answer 32

-eyelashes -cillia in respiratory tract

Question 33

what are some chemical barriers in the body?

Answer 33

-tears -stomach acid

Question 34

what are WBC types involved in the second line of defence?

Answer 34

macrophages, neutrophils and monocytes

Question 35

What is the process of WBC destroying pathogens?

Answer 35

phagocytosis; WBC extends cell membranes, engulf foreign substance and bring it into the white blood cell to be digested.

Question 36

what is agglutination?

Answer 36

the clumping of blood cells caused by antigens and antibodies -only some blood types are compatible

Question 37

what is the RH factor?

Answer 37

another type of blood group -people who have it are Rh+and those that dont are Rh-

Question 38

what do vaccines take and inject into people?

Answer 38

dead or weakened pathogens

Question 39

Do patgogens cause illnesses?

Answer 39

no but they are recognized as foreign by the immune system

Question 40

what is the bodies response to a vaccine?

Answer 40

body creates antibodies to pathogen so if you ever get it again you cant' be infected

Question 41

what is herd immunity?

Answer 41

enough people in a group or area have achieved immunity (protection) against a virus or other infectious agent to make it very difficult for the infection to spread

Question 42

do AB blood types have antibodies?

Answer 42

no

Question 43

do O blood types have antigens?

Answer 43

no

Question 44

what two antibodies does O blood types have?

Answer 44

anti-A and anti-B

Question 45

what two antigens do AB blood types have?

Answer 45

A and B antigens

Question 46

What is hemoglobin?

Answer 46

A protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen

Question 47

What are the 3 main components of blood?

Answer 47

Plasma (55%) White blood cells and platelets (1%) Red blood cells (44%)

Question 48

Which blood originates from red bone marrow?

Answer 48

-Red blood cells -white blood cells (granulocytes and monocytes, lymphocytes) -platelets

Question 49

Which blood originates from thymus?

Answer 49

Lymphocytes

Question 50

Which blood originates from the lungs?

Answer 50

Platelets

Question 51

What is the role of RBC?

Answer 51

Carry oxygen and carbon dioxide to and from cells

Question 52

What is the function of the white blood cells granulocytes and monocytes?

Answer 52

To engulf foreign particles