IMMUNIZATION (5) Flashcards
cold chain - contraindications to immunization (44 cards)
system for ensuring the potency of a vaccine from the time of manufacture to the time it is given to an eligible client
COLD CHAIN
person responsible for cold chain
cold chain officer
these are the cold chain equipment and supplies
- freezer / refrigerator
- transport box
- vaccine bags / carriers
- cold chain monitors
- thermometers
- cold packs (COLD DOGS)
OPV cold chain requirements
- -15 to 25’c
- stored in the freezer
- in vaccine bags, it is placed in contact with cold packs.
other vaccines : measles, MMR, and Rotavirus vaccines cold chain requirements
- +2 to +8’c
- stored in the refrigerator
- should be stocked neatly on SHELVES of ref
- DO NOT stock at ref DOOR SHELVES
vaccines that are damaged by freezing
- Hepatitis B
- Pentavalent Vaccine
- Rotavirus Vaccine
- Tetanus Toxoid
( considerations to maintain potency )
- you need to observe what policy?
first expiry-first out (FEFO) policy
how should you comply with the recommended duration of storage and transport?
- health center with a refrigerator : duration of storage SHOULD NOT EXCEED ONE MONTH
- transport boxes : vaccines can be kept only up to MAXIMUM OF 5 DAYS
a round disc of heat-sensitive material placed on a vaccine viral to register heat exposure.
VVM ( vaccine vial monitor )
( VVM )
- direct relationship exists between rate of color change and temperature.
- THE LOWER THE TEMPERATURE ___ ?
the slower the color change
( VVM )
- direct relationship exists between rate of color change and temperature.
- THE HIGHER THE TEMPERATURE ___ ?
the faster the color change
approach that can be used to determine If the biological should be used or discarded.
shake test
( shake test )
how can you determine if the biological can be used?
- if the vial is smooth and cloudy immediately after shaking.
( shake test )
how can you determine if the biological can’t be used?
- if it appears granular and not smooth, discard.
this policy states that a multi dose vial may be opened for one or two clients, if the health worker feels that a client cannot come back for the scheduled immnunization session.
open-vial policy of DOH
(BCG side effect)
- an acute inflammatory reaction within 2-4 days after vaccination. usually indicates previous exposure to TB
Koch’s Phenomenon
what management can you do for koch’s phenomenon?
no management is needed.
(BCG side effect)
- almost invariably due to subcutaneous or deeper injection.
deep abscess at vaccination site.
what management can you do for a deep abscess at vaccination site?
- refer to the physician for incision and drainage.
(BCG side effect)
- an ulcer which persists after 12wks from vaccination date
Indolent ulceration
what management can you do for indolent ulceration?
- treat with INH powder
(BCG side effect)
- enlargement of lymph glands draining the injection site.
Glandular enlargement
what management can you do for glandular enlargement?
- if suppuration occurs, treat as deep abscess
what is the side effect of hepatitis B vaccine?
- local soreness at the injection site. no treatment is necessary.
