Immunizations

Question 1

Go to source for child education

Answer 1

CDC

Question 2

Communicable disease

Answer 2

Disease that is passed from one person to another

Question 3

Mode of transmission

Answer 3

How the disease is passed from reservoir to human host

Question 4

Incubation period

Answer 4

Time between first exposure to initial symptoms

Question 5

Prodromal period

Answer 5

Interval between earliest symptoms and when you start to feel bad

Question 6

Communicable period

Answer 6

How long you feel bad

Question 7

Antibody

Answer 7

Pro found mostly in serum that is formed in response to exposure to specific antigen

Question 8

Antigen

Answer 8

Foreign substances that cause the body to make antibodies

Question 9

Natural passive immunity

Answer 9

How the mom passes on immunity to fetus; temporary, passes antibodies in a natural manner (ex: when baby born, has several months of natural passive immunity so dont need to start vax until 2 months of age)

Question 10

Natural active immunity

Answer 10

Immune bodies/antibodies are actively formed against a specific antigen by naturally having the disorder (ex: chicken pox)

Question 11

Artificial active immunity

Answer 11

Immune bodies are formed against a specific antigen by artificially introducing the antigen in the person (ex: MMR vax)

Question 12

Artificial passive

Answer 12

Temporary immunity by transfer of immunoglobulins from one human to another who has been actively immunized against the antigen (ex: COVID—antibodies are pulled from ppl who had COVID and spun up into serum given to ppl who haven’t had it)

Question 13

Nurses responsibility of immunizations

Answer 13

• Maintain adequate record (date, manufacturer, expiration date and lot # of vax, name, address, title of person administering)
• how to properly store and administer
• education and support of family
• up to date (UTD) info about the vax

Question 14

Why ppl don’t immunize?

Answer 14

• fear SE
• medical condition
• religious conflict
• lack edu or resources

Question 15

Live attenuated virus vax***IMPORTANT

Answer 15

Suspension of live or inactivated microorgs or fractions of the microorg administered to induce immunity and prevent infectious disease (MMR, varicella, flu mist)
- not given to kids on steroids or who have cancer
- kids that are immunocompromised can’t build up enough immunity if given the live virus

Question 16

Killed or toxoid vax, human immune sero globulin, animal antitoxins

Answer 16

Killed or toxins that are now not toxic but stimulate the immune system to respond

Question 17

Diphtheria

Answer 17

Toxoid that causes a thick covering in the back of the throat and leads to breathing probs, paralysis, heart failure, and death

Question 18

Tetanus

Answer 18

Toxoid that causes painful tightening of the muscles and can lead to lockjaw and death

Question 19

Pertussis

Answer 19

Whooping cough; causes coughing spells so bad that is hard for infants to eat, drink, and breath; can lead to pneumonia, seizures, brain damage, death

Question 20

DTaP

Answer 20

For Diptheria, tetanus, and pertussis; given to pregnant women 26 weeks and older bc of risk for whooping cough; 5 dose series needed for complete immunization

Question 21

DTaP SE

Answer 21

Fever, sore, red, bump, and swell at injection site; general malaise from tetanus, Pertussis—seizures (if child had seizures before, just give separate individual tetanus and diphtheria vax); generalized itching or swelling CAN BE a sign of an abnormal reaction

Question 22

DTaP contraindications

Answer 22

• Anaphylactic rxn to vax
• encephalopathy w/i 7 days
• seizures w/ or w/o fever w/i 3 day period of dose
• don’t give Tylenol or advil after

Question 23

Tdap

Answer 23

Works for diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus but for 11-12 year olds who completed childhood DTaP series and have not receive a tetanus and diphtheria toxoid booster dose; also for pregnant women

Question 24

Polio and vax

Answer 24

Vax not given in America but given in other countries; inactivate or killed vax give 4x; for disease caused by an airborne virus that can cause paralysis and death

Question 25

Measles

Answer 25

Virus causing rash, cough, fever and can lead to ear infection, pneumonia, diarrhea, seizures, brain damage, and death

Question 26

Mumps

Answer 26

Virus causing fever, headache, swollen glands under the jaw; lead to hearing loss, meningitis, and males can have swollen, painful testicles

Question 27

Rubella (German measles)

Answer 27

Virus that causes rash, mild fever, swollen glands, arthritis; if women are pregnant and get rubella, can lose their babies and infants born with deafness, heart disease and brain damage

Question 28

MMR vax

Answer 28

Mumps, measles, rubella - SE—fever (even 7-10 days after vax) and anorexia - CI—preg, immunodeficiency

Question 29

HIB vax

Answer 29

Hemophilus influence type B - Protects against bacteria that causes meningitis and pneumonia and other bacteria that can cause brain damage and brain death

Question 30

HIB SE and CI

Answer 30

- fever—minimal - no CI

Question 31

Hepatitis B

Answer 31

- protects against viral disease that affects the liver and can lead to long term liver disease, liver failure, death - human immune globulin

Question 32

Hep B SE and CI

Answer 32

Few SE; not given to ppl with anaphylactic rxn to baker’s yeast

Question 33

Hep A

Answer 33

Killed vax given in 2 doses 6 months apart; viral infection that infects the liver leading to acute illness, long term liver disease, liver failure, and death

Question 34

Hep A SE and CI

Answer 34

Few SE and no CI

Question 35

Varicella

Answer 35

Live vax preventing against varicella which causes rash, slight fever, anorexia; leads to ear infection, pneumonia, encephalitis, and thrombocytopenia (Dec platelets)

Question 36

Varicella SE and CI

Answer 36

Pain and tenderness at the site, not given to pregnant or immunocompromised or kids getting steroids bc can be immunocompromised

Question 37

Prevnar

Answer 37

Killed vax; organism it fights is Streptococcus penumoniae or pneumococcus; leading cause of serious illness among young kids worldwide and most frequent cause of pneumonia, bacteremia, sinusitis, and ear infections

Question 38

Prevnar SE and CI

Answer 38

Local rxn, drowsy, irritable, V/D; CI is hypersensitivity to this vax

Question 39

Rotavirus

Answer 39

Oral vax given to infants; prevents against virus with lots of V/D and can easily lead to dehydration; no SE or CI

Question 40

Influenza

Answer 40

Recommended for kids 6 months or older that have asthma, cardiac disease, HIV, diabetes and sickle cell disease; given 1x/yr in fall; kids under 8yrs need 2 injections 2 weeks apart the first time they get

Question 41

Tetanus shot

Answer 41

Need booster every 10 years

Question 42

Synagsis

Answer 42

Given to prenatal infants or those at high risk to Dec chance of getting RSV which causes baby to make lots of mucus that clogs and makes hard to breathe; very pricy so reserved for high risk babies like premature or asthmatic

Question 43

Meningococcal

Answer 43

Prevents against meningitis; started at 11-12 years and may need booster at 16-18

Question 44

Garuda is

Answer 44

3 dose vax given to all kids under age 14; start at 11 and protects against HPV

Question 45

General CI for vax

Answer 45

Current fever or severe febrile illness, known allergic rxn to a previously known vax

Question 46

NOT CI for vax

Answer 46

Mild fever, moderate to severe local rxn, current antibiotic therapy, convalescent phase of therapy, prematurity, recent exposure to infectious disease, history of non-specific allergies

Question 47

What happens if not records of kids vax?

Answer 47

Might start over but some vax can’t be given then

Question 48

What happens if kids are unvaxxed?

Answer 48

If under age 1, begin regular schedule If over year old, give TD, IPV, MMR, HPV

Question 49

Red book

Answer 49

Reference for altered immunization schedules

Question 50

Can immunocompromised kids get live vax?

Answer 50

NO