Immunizations Flashcards
While there is no evidence of vaccines causing autism, what is the component that may pose a risk for acquiring autism?
Thimerosal
What is the difference between antigen and antibodies?
Antigen: non-self substances
Antibodies: Ig that provide immunity and destroy the antigen
What is the difference between active and passive immunity?
Active: person producing antibodies through infection or vaccinations
Passive: acquired from someone else (mother to child or IVIG)
Patient populations contraindicated for live vaccines
Immunocompromised or pregnancy
Common live vaccines
MICRO-VY
MMR
Intranasal Influenza
Chlolera
Rotavirus
Oral Typhoid
Varicella
Yellow Fever
In the case of blood or IVIG infusions, the antibodies may interfere with live vaccine replication. What vaccines should be delayed? How is it different in children?
MMR or Varicella should be given minimum 3 months sometimes up to 11 months.
Vaccine → 2 weeks → Ab-containing product
Most live vaccines are given until 12 months of age due to mother antibodies with the exception of rotavirus
How should live vaccines and TB skin test be given?
Live vaccines may cause false negative
- Give the live and TST on the same day
- Wait 4 weeks after a live vaccine to preform the TST
- Administer the TST first, wait ≥24 hrs then give live
How should you space out live vaccines?
Can be given on the same day or 4 weeks apart (except PO rotavirus or typhoid)
Resources for vaccines
- FDA
- ACIP
- CDC/ MMWR and Pink Book
- VIS (for patients)
Medications used to resolve mild vaccine allergies
Diphenhydramine or hydralazine
Medications used to resolve severe vaccine allergies
Prefilled epi auto injectors
Diphenhydramine
Vaccinations recommended for infants and children
- 3 doses of hep B started at birth
- RSV if mother is not vaccinated
- At 2 months, PCV 15 or 20, DTaP, Hip, polio, rotavirus
- At ≥12 months, Varicella and MMR
Avoid PPSV23 (polysaccharide vaccine) before 2 years
Vaccine recommendations for HCP?
- Annual flu
- Hep B, Varicella, MMR if no immunity from blood test
Vaccine recommendations for adolescent and young adults?
- MenACWY (Menveo,, MenQuadfi): 2 doses (11-12 yrs and 16 yrs) or 1 dose (college)
- HPV at 11-12 years
- Tdap at 11-12
Vaccine recommendations for sickle cell and asplenia
- Hib
- PCV20 once or PCV 15 then PPSV23 ≥8 weeks later
- MenACWY
- MenB
Vaccines for pregnancy
- Live are CI
- Inactivated flu
- RSV at 32-36 weeks
- Tdap at 27-36 weeks
Vaccines for immunodeficiency
- Live are CI
- PCV20 once or PCV 15 then PPSV23 ≥8 weeks later (19-64)
- Herpes zoster (Shingrix): ≥19 yrs, 2 doses 2-6 months apart
HIV infections: MenACWY, Hep A, and Hep B
Vaccines for older adults
- HZV ≥50 yrs (2 doses 2-6 months apart)
- PCV20 once or PCV 15 then PPSV23 12 months later (≥8 weeks if immunocompromised)
Vaccines for diabetes?
- PCV20 once or PCV 15 then PPSV23 12 months later (≥8 weeks if immunocompromised)
- Hep B ≥60 if not previously vaccinated
How often should Tdap be administered
10 years
How is Shingrix administered
≥50 years or ≥19 if immunocompromised
2 doses, 2-6 months apart (1-2 months if immunocompromised)
Vaccinate even if patient has had Zostavax or chickenpox
What age can COVID-19 vaccines be given?
≥12yrs
DTaP
Daptacel, Infanrix
DTaP-HepB-IPV
Pediarix
