Immunizing Drugs

Question 1

What is Active Immunization?

Answer 1

• Prevents infection caused by bacterial toxins or viruses
  
  • Provides long-lasting or permanent immunity
  • “Herd immunity”

Question 2

What is Artificial Active Immunization?

Answer 2

• body is clinically exposed to a harmless form of an antigen (e.g. varicella [chickenpox] vaccine)
• aka vaccine

Question 3

What is Natural Active Immunization?

Answer 3

• immunity is acquired by surviving the disease and producing antibodies

Question 4

Artificial Passive Immunization?

Answer 4

• administration of serum or concentrated immunoglobin
• bypasses the host’s immune system

Question 5

Natural Passive Immunization?

Answer 5

antibodies are transferred from parent to infant through breastmilk or through the bloodstream via the placenta during pregnancy

Question 6

Immunizing Drugs purpose?

Answer 6

Prevent illness caused by bacteria, toxins, or viruses

Question 7

Contraindications for immunizing drugs?

Answer 7

Watch out for cues of anaphylaxis when administering an immunizing injection

Question 8

What to do when there’s a serious or unusual reaction to immunizing drugs?

Answer 8

reported to the vaccine adverse event reporting system (VAERS)

Question 9

When to administer DTaP?

Answer 9

children from 6 weeks to 6 years

Question 10

When to administer Tdap?

Answer 10

adolescents and adults

Question 11

When to administer Td?

Answer 11

7 years + for people who require a primary booster immunization against tetanus for wound management (~ q10 years)

Question 12

How to administer diphtheria and tetanus toxoids
and acellular pertussis vaccine?

Answer 12

Parenteral form; deep IM injection

Question 13

What is the Haemophilus Influenza type B Conjugate Vaccine?

Answer 13

• Non-infectious, bacteria-derived vaccine
  
  • Administered to children & adults considered high at risk for acquiring H. influenza

Question 14

How to administer haemophilus influenza type B Conjugate Vaccine?

Answer 14

Parenteral; IM injection

Question 15

hepatitis B virus vaccine contraindications?

Answer 15

patients w/ an allergy to yeast

Question 16

How is hepatitis B virus vaccine administered?

Answer 16

• Parenteral; IM injection
• series of three different injections

Question 17

Describe the Influenza Vaccine.

Answer 17

• Annually before the flu season
• Made from egg-grown viruses
• CDC recommends for ALL people older than 6 months of age

Question 18

How does measles, mumps, rubella virus vaccine (MMR) work?

Answer 18

inducing the production of virus-specific immunoglobulin G & M antibodies

Question 19

measles, mumps, rubella virus vaccine contraindications?

Answer 19

• anaphylactic rxn to eggs
• pregnant w/in 3 months- potential fetal infection
• neomycin allergy

Question 20

Examples of meningococcal vaccines?

Answer 20

Two vaccines: Menactra & Menveo

Question 21

How is meningococcal vaccine administered?

Answer 21

Powdered form; must be reconstituted

Question 22

Examples of pneumococcal vaccines?

Answer 22

Two vaccines: polyvalent and 13-valent

Question 23

When is Polyvalent vaccine (Pneumovax 23) used?

Answer 23

effective against the 23 strains of pneumococcus - used
primarily in adults

Question 24

13-valent vaccine (PVC13, or Prevnar 13)?

Answer 24

effective against the top 13 pneumococcal strains found in pediatric pneumonia cases - recommended for children

Question 25

What is human papillomavirus vaccine (HPV)?

Answer 25

- Papillomavirus vaccine (Gardasil, Gardasil-9) are the ONLY vaccines known to prevent certain cancers - Recommended for ALL adolescences 11 and 12

Question 26

human papillomavirus vaccine (HPV) contradictions?

Answer 26

patients who show hypersensitivity to yeast or to their first injection of the vaccine

Question 27

Examples of Herpes Virus vaccine?

Answer 27

Two vaccines: Zostavax and Shingrix - prevent herpes zoster (shingles)

Question 28

Where should Varicella Virus vaccine be stored?

Answer 28

must be stored in a freezer

Question 29

When should varicella virus vaccine be administered?

Answer 29

- At 12 to 15 months of age then a second dose at 4-6 years of age - Recommended that salicylates be avoided for 6 weeks after getting the vaccine

Question 30

What is hepatitis B immunoglobin?

Answer 30

- passive immunity against hep B infection - OK to give in pregnancy b/c of possible devastating consequences of hep B

Question 31

What do immunoglobin do?

Answer 31

- passive immunity by increasing antibody titer and antigen-antibody rxn potential - help prevent certain infectious diseases in susceptible people

Question 32

How to administer immunoglobin?

Answer 32

Available in IM and IV

Question 33

Rh0(D) immunoglobin?

Answer 33

- suppress the active antibody response and formation of anti-Rh0(D) antibodies in an Rh0(D) negative person exposed to Rh positive blood - common use is in cases of maternal-fetal incompatibility

Question 34

What is tetanus immunoglobin?

Answer 34

contains tetanus antitoxin antibodies that neutralize the bacterial exotoxin produced by Clostridium tetani

Question 35

What is varicella–zoster immunoglobin?

Answer 35

- used to modify or prevent chickenpox in people who have recently been exposed to the disease - protection for 3 weeks

Question 36

Examples of Active Immunizing Drugs (Live, Attenuated Vaccines)

Answer 36

* Diptheria * Hepatitis A virus vaccine * Human papilloma virus vaccine * Influenza * Meningococcal * Pneumococcal * Smallpox * Varicella virus vaccine

Question 37

Examples of Active Immunizing Drugs (Inactivated Vaccines)

Answer 37

* H. influenzae type b (Hib) * Hepatitis B virus vaccine * Herpes Zoster virus vaccine * Measles, mumps, rubella * Pertussis * Rabies * Tetanus toxoid

Question 38

Examples of Passive Immunizing Drugs

Answer 38

* Hepatitis B immunoglobin * Immunoglobin (IVIG) * Tetanus immunoglobin * Varicella-zoster immunoglobin *anything "immunoglobin"*