Immuno Flashcards
Leukocytosis
an increase in the number of white cells in the blood, especially during an infection.
Left shift
immature white blood cells present such as bands, metamyelocytes, myelocytes, promyelocytes, and blasts
Usually band neutrophils
Lymphangitis
inflammation of lymphatic channels due to infectious or noninfectious causes
Lymphadenopathy
Swollen lymph nodes
Immune system glands that usually enlarge in response to a bacterial or viral infection, but sudden swelling of many lymph nodes may indicate cancer
Cytokines
Soluble mediators of immune response secreted by various cells and affect the activity of other cells (paracrone) or the secreting cell (autocrine)
Aids in communication between cells
Growth factors or CSF
Exogenous substances that stimulate hematopoietic precursors, uses recombinant DNA
Autoimmunity definition
Disturbance in immunologic tolerance with response to auto-antigens
IS of host usually often ignores autoantigens
Alloimmunity definition
IS of host mounts an IR to tissue of another individual
Ex: SOT or transfusion reactions
Drugs associated with allergic like reactions
Beta lactam antimicrobial agent (-cillin)
Aspirin
NSAIDs
Cancer chemo drugs
Biologics
Pharmaceutical additives (azo dyes, sulfites, parabens)
Sulfonaminde drugs (-azole)
Anaphylaxis criteria (1 of 3)
- Acute onset of symptoms in with involvement of skin and/or mucosa (generalized hives, flushing/pruritus, swollen tounge, lips, uvula and respiratory compromise dyspnea, strider, wheeze, bronchospams OR reduced BP or end organ dysfunction)
- Two or more: involvement of skin and/OR mucosa, respiratory compromise, reduced blood pressure, persistent GI symptoms
- Reduced BP after allergen exposure
Drugs that cause Serum Sickness
Animal Serums.
Bee venom injections.
Cefaclor.
Ciprofloxacin.
Insulin.
Iron Dextran.
IVIG.
Mab.
Penicillins.
Sulfonamides.
CRAP BC IM In School
Pharmacological causes of SJS
Co-trimoxazole, sulfasalazine (Sulfa drugs)
Ampicillin, amoxicillin, fluoroquinolones, cephalosporins (other abx)
Phenytoin, carbamazepine, phenobarbital, valproate, lamotrigene (anti-epileptics)
Periodically, allopurinol
CNI Metabolic Enzymes
CYP3A4 and PgP
CNI - Inhibition of CYP3A4 and PgP
- Calcium Channel Blockers: Diltiazem, Verapamil, Nicardipine
- Anti fungal: Itraconazole, Posaconazole, Ketoconazole, fluconazole, voriconazole
- Antibiotics: Clarithromycin, Erythromycin, Quinupristin
- Protease Inhibitors: Indinavir, ritonavir, nelfinavir, boceprevir
- Gastric acid Suppressors: Lansoprazole, omeprazole, cimetidine, magnesium and Al hydroxide antacids
- Grapefruit juice
RESULTS IN AUC INC AND TR INC
CNI - Induction of CYP3A4 and PgP
- Antibiotics: Nafcillin, Rifampin, Rifabutin
- Anti fungal: Caspofungin, terbinafine
- Anticonvulsants: Carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine, phenobarbital, phenytoin
- HERBALS: St Johns Wart, Echinacea
- Others: Octreotide, Ticlopidine, Bosentan, Orlistat
INC METABOLISM, DEC AUC AND DEC TROUGH