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FA - Immunology > Immuno8 > Flashcards

Immuno8 Flashcards

Hypersensitivity types

1
Q

Anaphylactic and atopic hypersensitivity.

A

Type I

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2
Q

Cytotoxic (antibody mediated) hypersensitivity.

A

Type II

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3
Q

Immune complex–Antigen-Antibody hypersensitivity

A

Type III

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4
Q

Delayed (T-cell mediated) type hypersensitivity.

A

Type IV

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5
Q

Type I hypersensitivity test.

A

skin test for specific IgE

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6
Q

Type II hypersensitivity test.

A

Direct and Indirect Coombs’

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7
Q

Type III hypersensitivity test.

A

Immunofluorescent staining

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8
Q

Type IV hypersensitivity test.

A

Patch test, PPD (TB test)

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9
Q

What is the Mnemonic for hypersensitivity reactions?

A

“ACID”

Anaphylactic and Atopic (type I)
Cytotoxic-Ab mediated (type II)
Immune complex (type III)
Delayed-cell mediated (type IV)
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10
Q

Type I hypersensitivity characteristics.

A
  • Free antigen cross-links IgE on presensitized mast cells and basophils – Release vasoactive amines that act on postcapillary venules (i.e., histamine)
  • Reaction develops Rapidly after Ag exposure because of PREFORMED antibody
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11
Q

Type II hypersensitivity characteristics.

A

-IgM, IgG bind to fixed antigen on “enemy” cell, leading to cellular destruction

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12
Q

What are the 3 mechanisms of Type II hypersensitivity?

A

1-Opsonization (phagocytosis or complement activation)
2-Complement-mediated lyssi
3-Antibody-Dependent Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity (ADCC), usually due to NK cells

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13
Q

Type III hypersensitivity characteristics.

A
  • Ag-Ab (IgG) complexes activate complement, which attracts neutrophils
  • Neuts release lysosomal enzymes
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14
Q

What is Serum Sickness?

A
  • Type III hypersensitivity
  • Abs to foreign proteins are produced (takes 5 days)
  • Immune complexes form and are deposited in membranes, where they fix complement (leads to tissue damage)
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15
Q

What causes Serum Sickness? What are the Symptoms?

A 
-Drugs acting as Haptans
S/S:
  -Fever
  -Urticaria
  -Arthralgias
  -Proteinuria
  -Lymphadenopathy
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16
Q

What is an Arthus reaction?

A
  • Type III hypersensitivity
  • Local subacute Ab-mediated HS reaction
  • Intradermal injection of Ag induces antibodies, which form Ag-Ab complexes in skin
17
Q

What are the S/S of an Arthus reaction?

A

Edema
Necrosis
Activation of Complement

18
Q

What is more common; Serum Sickness or Arthus reaction?

A

Serum Sickness

19
Q

Type IV hypersensitivity characteristics.

A
  • Sensitized T lymphocytes encounter Ag and release Lymphokines
  • Leads to Macrophage activation
  • NO antibodies involve (NOT transferable by serum)
20
Q

What are the 4 T’s of type IV hypersensitivity?

A

T lymphocytes
Transplant rejections
TB skin tests
Touching (contact dermatitis)

FA - Immunology (12 decks)

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