Immunodeficiencies Caused by Infectious Diseases Flashcards
(26 cards)
In CDV (canine distemper virus), which cells are the ones that are predominantly infected in the host?
immune cells.
Also infects: epithelial, mesenchymal, neuroendocrine,
and hematopoietic cells
How do dog get infected with CDV?
Through oronasal secretions
What cells are primarily infected and how does it spread?
The virus initially infects monocytes within lymphoid tissue in the upper respiratory
tract and tonsils and is subsequently disseminated via the lymphatics and blood
to the entire reticuloendothelial system.
In which cells does viral destruction occurs and where?
- lymphocyte population, and especially CD41 T cells
- blood, tonsils, thymus, spleen, lymph nodes, bone marrow, mucosa-associated
lymphoid tissue, and the hepatic Kupffer cells
If dog survive the acute phase, they can develop chronic disease. How does this manifest?
chronic
disease manifestations that often involve the uvea, lymphoid organs, footpads, and
especially the CNS + oportunistic infections
What are the most common secondary infection in CDV?
Infections causing bronchopneumonia like Bordetella bronchiseptica. Others: toxoplasmosis, salmonellosis, nocardiosis, and generalized
demodicosis
What cells are preferentially
involved by parvovirus?
crypt cells of the gastrointestinal tract, bone marrow, and lymphoid
tissue.
How does leukopenia occur in parvovirus infection?
Leukopenia results from sequestration of neutrophils within damaged gastrointestinal
tissue and is compounded by destruction of white cell precursors within
the bone marrow
Which secondary bacterial infections cause sepsis in dogs infected with parvo?
Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp, and Clostridium difficile. Giardia
infection also exacerbates illness.
Which FeLV subtype is transmitted between animals?
FeLV-A
How do the other subtypes arises?
The other subtypes
arise through recombination or point mutation within FeLV-A during the course of infection
and influence the clinical expression of disease
Which subtype might cause more immunodeficiency and why?
T –> tropism for lymphocytes T
Transmission route
Salivary
secretions, although other routes of transmission, including through biting, can
also occur
Where do FeLV replicate?
FeLV replicates within rapidly dividing
lymphoid, myeloid, and epithelial cells, such as those lining the intestinal crypts.
What clinical outcomes can be the result of FeLV infection? (disease processes)
tumor development, especially
lymphoma or leukemia; non-regenerative anemia; marrow failure, which in turn can
result from myelophthisis (a form of bone marrow failure where abnormal tissue replaces the normal hematopoietic tissue, leading to bone marrow hypoplasia), myelodysplasia, or myelofibrosis; neurologic manifestations,
such as anisocoria; reproductive failure; gastrointestinal disease; and immunodeficiency.
Which viral protein is involved in immunodefiency and how does it immune suppress the body?
Peptide P15E.
This viral protein inhibits T- and B-cell function, inhibits cytotoxic lymphocyte
responses, alters monocyte morphology and distribution, and has been associated
with impaired cytokine production and responsiveness.
FIV transmission
biting
Which lymphocytes are reduced in FIV infection?
CD4+ T cell
FIP infection deplete which cells and which globulins can be elevated?
depletion of CD4+ and
CD8+ cells and hypergammaglobulinemia
T or F: the
virus does not infect lymphocytes, only monocytes and macrophages.
T. Therefore difficult to understand why T cell are depleted if not getting infected.
Infection of
antigen-presenting cells, specifically dendritic cells, by the virus has been hypothesized
to cause T-cell apoptosis.
What type of bacteria is Ehrlichia canis?
gram negative intracellular bacteria that causes canine monocytic
ehrlichiosis (CME)
Which cells are infected by E. canis
Monocytes, forming morulae
E.canis infection can predispose to what disease?
canine leishmaniosis
Which cells are infected by Anaplasma phagocytophilum?
granulocytes, primarily the neutrophil
