IMMUNODEFICIENCIES, TRANSPLANTATION, TUMOR IMMUNOLOGY

Question 2

What is an immunodeficiency?

Answer 2

A condition where the immune system’s ability to fight infectious disease is compromised or entirely absent.

Question 3

True or False: Immunodeficiencies can be classified into primary and secondary types.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Fill in the blank: Primary immunodeficiencies are typically _______.

Answer 4

genetic

Question 5

What is the most common primary immunodeficiency?

Answer 5

Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID)

Question 6

Which immune cells are most often affected in Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID)?

Answer 6

T and B lymphocytes

Question 7

Name a common cause of secondary immunodeficiency.

Answer 7

HIV infection

Question 8

True or False: All immunodeficiencies are hereditary.

Answer 8

False

Question 9

What is the role of antibodies in the immune response?

Answer 9

They identify and neutralize pathogens such as bacteria and viruses.

Question 10

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a symptom of immunodeficiency? A) Frequent infections B) Slow recovery from illness C) Increased energy levels D) Autoimmune diseases

Answer 10

C) Increased energy levels

Question 11

What is the function of T cells in the immune system?

Answer 11

They help coordinate the immune response and directly attack infected cells.

Question 12

Fill in the blank: Secondary immunodeficiencies can result from _______ factors such as malnutrition or infections.

Answer 12

environmental

Question 13

What is the significance of the CD4 count in HIV patients?

Answer 13

It indicates the health of the immune system and the progression of HIV infection.

Question 14

True or False: Immunodeficiencies can be diagnosed through blood tests.

Answer 14

True

Question 15

Name one treatment option for immunodeficiency.

Answer 15

Immunoglobulin replacement therapy

Question 16

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a primary immunodeficiency? A) Chronic Granulomatous Disease B) Diabetes Mellitus C) Hypertension D) Asthma

Answer 16

A) Chronic Granulomatous Disease

Question 17

What is the primary cause of X-linked Agammaglobulinemia?

Answer 17

A mutation in the BTK gene affecting B cell development.

Question 18

Fill in the blank: Patients with _______ syndrome often have a deficiency in both humoral and cell-mediated immunity.

Answer 18

Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID)

Question 19

True or False: Vaccines are contraindicated in patients with certain immunodeficiencies.

Answer 19

True

Question 20

What is the role of the bone marrow in the immune system?

Answer 20

It produces blood cells, including immune cells like lymphocytes.

Question 21

Name a common laboratory test used to diagnose immunodeficiency.

Answer 21

Complete blood count (CBC)

Question 22

Multiple Choice: Which immunodeficiency is associated with a defect in the complement system? A) Hyper-IgM Syndrome B) Complement Deficiency C) DiGeorge Syndrome D) Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome

Answer 22

B) Complement Deficiency

Question 23

What does the term ‘autoimmunity’ refer to?

Answer 23

When the immune system mistakenly attacks the body’s own tissues.

Question 24

Fill in the blank: Chronic Granulomatous Disease is caused by a defect in _______ function.

Answer 24

phagocyte

Question 25

True or False: Immunodeficiencies can lead to increased risk of cancer.

Answer 25

True

Question 26

What type of immunodeficiency is associated with a lack of IgA antibodies?

Answer 26

Selective IgA Deficiency

Question 27

What is the importance of early diagnosis in immunodeficiencies?

Answer 27

It allows for timely treatment and management to prevent severe infections.

Question 28

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a characteristic of Common Variable Immunodeficiency? A) Low levels of all immunoglobulins B) High levels of IgE C) Normal T cell function D) None of the above

Answer 28

A) Low levels of all immunoglobulins

Question 29

Fill in the blank: The genetic basis of immunodeficiencies is often studied using _______ analysis.

Answer 29

molecular

Question 30

True or False: All patients with immunodeficiency will exhibit symptoms from birth.

Answer 30

False

Question 31

What is the primary role of B cells in the immune system?

Answer 31

To produce antibodies.

Question 32

What is the most severe form of immunodeficiency?

Answer 32

Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID)

Question 33

Multiple Choice: Which immunodeficiency is characterized by a defect in T cell development? A) Hyper-IgE Syndrome B) Severe Combined Immunodeficiency C) Chronic Granulomatous Disease D) Common Variable Immunodeficiency

Answer 33

B) Severe Combined Immunodeficiency

Question 34

Fill in the blank: DiGeorge syndrome is caused by a deletion on chromosome _______.

Answer 34

22

Question 35

True or False: Immunodeficiency can be a side effect of certain medications.

Answer 35

True

Question 36

What does the term 'T cell deficiency' imply?

Answer 36

A reduced number or function of T lymphocytes leading to impaired immunity.

Question 37

Name one environmental factor that can cause secondary immunodeficiency.

Answer 37

Malnutrition

Question 38

What is the significance of immunoglobulin levels in diagnosing immunodeficiency?

Answer 38

They help determine the specific type of immunodeficiency present.

Question 39

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a common treatment for HIV-related immunodeficiency? A) Chemotherapy B) Antiretroviral therapy C) Radiation D) Steroids

Answer 39

B) Antiretroviral therapy

Question 40

Fill in the blank: The presence of opportunistic infections often indicates _______ in immunocompromised patients.

Answer 40

immunodeficiency

Question 41

True or False: Genetic counseling is important for families with a history of primary immunodeficiencies.

Answer 41

True

Question 42

What is the main goal of immunodeficiency treatment?

Answer 42

To restore or improve immune function.

Question 43

What type of infections are patients with immunodeficiency particularly susceptible to?

Answer 43

Opportunistic infections

Question 44

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a rare primary immunodeficiency? A) Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome B) Ataxia-Telangiectasia C) Hyper-IgM Syndrome D) All of the above

Answer 44

D) All of the above

Question 45

Fill in the blank: Patients with _______ syndrome may experience eczema, thrombocytopenia, and recurrent infections.

Answer 45

Wiskott-Aldrich

Question 46

True or False: Immunodeficiencies can only be acquired after birth.

Answer 46

False

Question 47

What is the primary defect in Hyper-IgE Syndrome?

Answer 47

A deficiency in the ability to produce effective immune responses to infections.

Question 48

Name one common laboratory finding in patients with immunodeficiency.

Answer 48

Low antibody levels

Question 49

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a feature of immunodeficiency? A) Increased susceptibility to infections B) Autoimmune disorders C) Normal immune response D) Chronic fatigue

Answer 49

C) Normal immune response

Question 50

Fill in the blank: The _______ system plays a crucial role in the immune response by identifying and eliminating pathogens.

Answer 50

immune

Question 51

True or False: Immunodeficiencies can be managed with lifestyle changes alone.

Answer 51

False

Question 52

What is the role of cytokines in the immune response?

Answer 52

They are signaling molecules that mediate and regulate immunity and inflammation.

Question 53

What type of vaccine is contraindicated in patients with severe immunodeficiency?

Answer 53

Live attenuated vaccines

Question 54

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a characteristic of T cell deficiencies? A) Increased antibody production B) Increased risk of viral infections C) Decreased susceptibility to fungal infections D) None of the above

Answer 54

B) Increased risk of viral infections

Question 55

Fill in the blank: The _______ is responsible for the production of T cells.

Answer 55

thymus

Question 56

True or False: Individuals with immunodeficiency can lead normal lives with proper management.

Answer 56

True

Question 57

What is the primary cause of secondary immunodeficiency in older adults?

Answer 57

Age-related decline in immune function.

Question 58

Multiple Choice: Which immunodeficiency is often associated with a high level of IgE? A) Hyper-IgM Syndrome B) Hyper-IgE Syndrome C) Common Variable Immunodeficiency D) None of the above

Answer 58

B) Hyper-IgE Syndrome

Question 59

Fill in the blank: The diagnosis of immunodeficiency often involves _______ testing.

Answer 59

genetic

Question 60

True or False: Immunodeficiencies are always diagnosed in childhood.

Answer 60

False

Question 61

What is the role of phagocytes in immunity?

Answer 61

They engulf and digest pathogens.

Question 62

What is the most common type of secondary immunodeficiency?

Answer 62

HIV/AIDS

Question 63

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a symptom of immunodeficiency? A) Frequent headaches B) Persistent diarrhea C) Increased muscle mass D) Improved sleep quality

Answer 63

B) Persistent diarrhea

Question 64

Fill in the blank: The _______ is a key organ in the development of B cells.

Answer 64

bone marrow

Question 65

True or False: Immunodeficiencies can lead to chronic inflammation.

Answer 65

True

Question 66

What is the significance of immunotherapy in treating immunodeficiencies?

Answer 66

It helps to enhance or restore the immune response.

Question 67

What is the role of the spleen in the immune system?

Answer 67

It filters blood and helps to mount an immune response to blood-borne pathogens.

Question 68

Multiple Choice: Which immunodeficiency is characterized by an inability to produce functional antibodies? A) Common Variable Immunodeficiency B) Severe Combined Immunodeficiency C) Hyper-IgM Syndrome D) All of the above

Answer 68

C) Hyper-IgM Syndrome

Question 69

Fill in the blank: Patients with _______ syndrome may experience recurrent respiratory infections due to antibody deficiency.

Answer 69

Common Variable Immunodeficiency

Question 70

True or False: Immunodeficiencies can be completely cured.

Answer 70

False

Question 71

What are the two main types of immune responses?

Answer 71

Humoral and cell-mediated responses.

Question 72

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a sign of immunodeficiency? A) Healthy skin B) Frequent pneumonia C) High energy levels D) Strong appetite

Answer 72

B) Frequent pneumonia

Question 73

Fill in the blank: The immune system's ability to respond to pathogens is called _______.

Answer 73

immunity