Immunoglobulins Flashcards
(24 cards)
What is immunoglobuline? Where are they produced and what doesi it secerets?
Immunoglobuline are gamma globulin protein present in body fluids (body serum), they do mucosal secretion (salive, tears, virginal secertion). They are produced bt plasma cell which differentiate B lymphocytes or B cells.
What does human defences system is known as ? what is the definition of of it and what does it do and what are its functions?
Immunity, glycoprotein Mol that are produced by plasma cells in response to an immunogen, it protects us from virus, bacteria etc, the functions: act as antibodies (Ab), binding antigen (Ag), forming Ab-Ag complex
difference between gamma globulin and immunoglobulin?
Both of them are abbreviated Immunoglobuline (Ig), they are not synonymous. Gamma globulin describ it’s mobility in electrical field while immunoglobuline is a functional term.
Factors about Immunoglobuline? (basic structure)
All Immunoglobuline contains, two identical heavy chin (H) and light chain (L), have simplest antibody molecule in Y shape and four polupeptide chains.
Why are Ig Y shaped and glycoproteins?
They are held together by S-S bond and non covalent bond interaction, thus Ig is Y shape tetramer (H2L2), the heavy chains are linked to carbohydrate so they are glycoprotein.
What is Immunogen and Antigen?
Immunogen: Any agent capable of inducing immune response Antigen(Ag): Any substance that causes your immune system to produce antibodies against it.
What does antibodies do?
Ab circulate proteins that specifically binds to foreign mol, Ab reacts with Ag very specifically this property is widely used for purification of protein.
What are five classes of immunoglobuline?
- IgG- Gamma heavy chain
- IgM-Mu heavy chain (u)
- IgA- Alpha heavy chain
- IgD- delta heavy chain
- IgE- Epsilon heavy chain
What does Immunoglobuline G do?
They are major Ig in extravascular space, most abundant (75-80%) class of Ig, has low M.wt, It is Y shaped monomer until it can traverse blood vessel readily
how does Ig G work?
IgG is only antibody that can easily cross placenta and transfer mother’s immunity to the fetus, they are responsible for defences against infection in the first few months of baby’s life. The conc of IgG serun is 8-16ml-1
Which Ig is the principal Immunoglobulin for secondary response?
Immunoglobulin G
What is Immunoglobulin M?
It has pentamer of 5 Y shaped units they are held together by polypeptide cain, the conc of IgM in serum is 1.5mg ml-1, it has 5 antigenic sites to due pentameric structure
can IgM cross blood vessels?
No it can not cross the blood vessels or placenta due to its large size.
Which antibody is the first to be produced in primary response?
IgM is the first antibody to be produced in the primary response to Antigen and they are most effective against invading microorganism.
They are also the first Immunoglobulin to accumulate in the serum of neonates.
What do Immunoglobulin D do?
They are composed of Single Y shaped unit, They trace antibody in the serum and is present on the surface of the B cell, so it functions B-cell receptors or they are responsible for Antigen recognition by B-cell
Which Immunoglobulin has low conc in human serum?
Immunoglobulin E has low conc in human serum, but it increase during allergic reactions and some parasitic infections.
Immunoglobulin E?
It has shape Monomer, it contains 0.0003 mg/ml serum,
Immunoglobulin A
Has 2ns hightes serun in Ig, occur as single monomer or dimer held by j chain, they are main antibody secretions as saliva, tears, sweat, milk, nasal fluids as well as in mucous secretions of the respiratory and GIT
How does Immunoglobulin A act as defences mannager?
It is a primary defences against microrg attacking exposed mucosal surface, it is most predominant antibody in colostrum (secertion of other’s breast milk).
They binds IgA with bacterial Antigen present on the body surface and remove it, the prevent the microrg from penetrating or adhering the mucosal epithelial lining
What are the three separate gene that light chain produce?
- Variable region (VL) gene
- Constant region (CL) gene
- Joining region (j) gene
What are the 4 diff group that heavy chain produce?
- Variable region gene
- Constant region gene
- Joining region gene
- Diversity region (D) gene
What is multiple myloma or plasmacytoma?
A type pf blood cancer of the plasma cells which are found in bone marrow they are characterized by overproduction of the light chain of IgG.
What is bence-jones proteinuria?
Abnormal protein-monoclonal light chains, disorder Seen in the urine of the patient sufferent from multiple myeloma, MOl weight is 45,000.
What are the identification of Ig?
-They are identified by heat coagulation.
- have special property of ppt
- ppt at 45-60 degree C, but redissolving at higher than 80 degree C and lower that 45 degree C
- This protein may block the kidney tubules, leading to renal failure.
