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Foundations of Clinical Practice II > Immunology 1 > Flashcards

Flashcards in Immunology 1 Deck (16)
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1
Q

What are Antigens?

What are some examples?

A

Anything that causes an immune response

Bacteria, viruses, fungi

2
Q

What are Cytokines

A

Cell-to-cell communication proteins that control cell development and movement towards a specific part of the body

3
Q

What is an antibody and how do they work?

A

The body’s response to an antigen

AKA Immunoglobulins

4
Q

Which Interluekins are responsible for fever?

A

IL 1 & 6

5
Q

What are Tumor Necrosis Factors (TNF)

A

Activates neutrophils, mediates septic shock and goes after tumors

6
Q

What are Interferons and what are the different subtypes?

A

Block virus replications.

  1. alpha
  2. beta
  3. gamma
7
Q

What is a Hematopoiesis?

Where does this process take place in and Embro-Fetus vs Birth-Adulthood

A

The formation of of the cells that make up blood?

Embryo and Fetus - occurs in the liver, spleen and thymus

Birth and Adulthood - occurs in the bone marrow and lymphatic tissue

8
Q

What are the characteristics of Innate Immunity

A
  1. Immediate
  2. No memory of foreign antigens
  3. Response does not increase with repeat exposure
9
Q

What is the first level of protection in Innate Immunity?

A

PHYSICAL BARRIERS

  1. Skin (pH of sweat, protects from invaders
  2. Mucous Membranes (tears, saliva, mucus)
  3. Commensal bacteria or normal bacteria flora
10
Q

What are Basophils.

What is primary action

A
  1. Granulocyte that matures in the bone marrow and circulates the blood stream
  2. Main action is to release histamine and heparin during an allergic and helminth response
11
Q

What is Opsonization and what system does it derive from

A

Enhancing phagocytosis of antigens by marking them for destruction

Comes from the Compliment system

12
Q

What does Chemotaxix cause and what system does it come from

A

Derives from Compliment system

Activates macrophages and neutrophils and also induces mast cells and basophils cells to degranulate (release chemicals)

13
Q

What is Lysis and what system is it a part of?

A

Rupturing pathogen cell membranes via the Membrane Attack Complex

14
Q

What is the secondary level of defense in Innate Immunity?

A

Granulocytes:

  1. Basophils
  2. Eosinophils
  3. Neutrophils
  4. Mast Cells
  5. Monocytes (Dendritic and Macrophages)
15
Q

What are the characteristics of a Basophil and what do they do?

A
  • Least common type of Granulocyte
  • Primarily found during an Allergic and Helminth responses
  • Main action is to release histamine and heparin to cause vasodilation and inflammation
16
Q

When are Eosinophils activated?

What is their primary action

A

Seen during Allergic and Asthma responses. (reside in GI and Respiratory tracts)

Release H2O2 to kill viruses and parasites