Immunology

Question 1

immun/o

Answer 1

protection, immunity

Question 2

adenoid/o

Answer 2

adenoid, tonsil

Question 3

lymph/o, lymphaden/o

Answer 3

lymph, lymph node

Question 4

lymphangi/o

Answer 4

lymph vessel

Question 5

path/o

Answer 5

disease

Question 6

phag/o

Answer 6

eat

Question 7

splen/o

Answer 7

spleen

Question 8

thym/o

Answer 8

thymus

Question 9

tonsill/o

Answer 9

tonsil

Question 10

cortic/o

Answer 10

cortex

Question 11

system/o

Answer 11

system

Question 12

cyt/o, -cyte

Answer 12

cell

Question 13

-globulin

Answer 13

protein

Question 14

-ar, -atic, -ic

Answer 14

pertaining to

Question 15

-iasis, -osis

Answer 15

abnormal condition

Question 16

AIDS-related complex (ARC)

Answer 16

early stage of HIV in which mild symptoms like fatigue, fever, lympadenopathy, and weight loss are present

Question 17

AIDS or Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Answer 17

later stage of HIV in which the immune system is severely weakened or compromised as cells lose the ability to fight infection; patients are more likely to develop opportunistic infections

Question 18

Opportunistic Infection

Answer 18

an infection is “opportunistic” when it occurs in someone who has a compromised immune system

Question 19

Natural Immunity

Answer 19

• not specific to a pathogen
• does not require exposure to the pathogen

Question 20

Acquired Immunity

Answer 20

• body’s response to a certain pathogen
  Active:
• develops following actual exposure (ex: vaccination)
  Passive:
• protective substances are produced (ex: antibodies)

Question 21

allergist

Answer 21

a physician who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of allergies

Question 22

anaphylactic shock or anaphylaxis

Answer 22

life-threatening allergic response to something that causes cardiovascular and respiratory problems

Question 23

antibody

Answer 23

a molecule that combines with antigens (antigen-antibody complexes) to target and prevent pathogens from damaging healthy cells

Question 24

antigen

Answer 24

a protein that’s foreign to the body, and which produces an immune response, ex: the proteins present on the cell membrane/surface of bacteria

Question 25

autoimmune disease

Answer 25

disease in which the body attacks itself, ex: systemic lupus erythematosus, sarcoidosis

Question 26

antihistamine

Answer 26

medication taken to help allergies because it blocks the effects of histamine, a chemical compound produced during an allergic reaction

Question 27

antinuclear antibody titer (ANA)

Answer 27

blood test that determines and compares the amount of antibodies to the amount of cell nuclei in the bloodstream; elevated in autoimmune conditions

Question 28

cytotoxic cells

Answer 28

cells that are capable of attacking and killing pathogens / diseased cells

Question 29

corticosteroids

Answer 29

hormones produced by the adrenal cortex; they're used to treat autoimmune diseases because of their strong anti-inflammatory properties

Question 30

elephantiasis

Answer 30

a condition resulting from blockage of lymphatic vessels, which results in swollen extremities (edema) as fluid collects in the area

Question 31

hives

Answer 31

the common name for wheals that appear on the skin during an allergic reaction; wheals is the medical term

Question 32

HIV antigen and/or antibody immunoassay

Answer 32

blood test for both the HIV antigen and antibodies antigens: appear very shortly after infection antibodies: appear 2-8 weeks later, and can be tested on their own in an individual test using saliva

Question 33

Hodgkin's disease or Hodgkin's lymphoma

Answer 33

cancer of lymphatic cells found in lymph nodes (cancer of lymphatic tissue that's not Hodgkin's is called Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma)

Question 34

immunodeficiency, immunocompromised

Answer 34

having an immune system that is unable to respond properly to pathogens

Question 35

inflammation

Answer 35

tissue response to injury; characterized by swelling, redness, pain, feeling hot to the touch

Question 36

immunosuppressants

Answer 36

medications that block certain actions of the immune system; often used to prevent rejection in an organ transplant patient

Question 37

mononucleosis

Answer 37

acute viral infection of lymphoid tissue with large number of white blood cells circulating in the bloodstream

Question 38

sarcoidosis

Answer 38

autoimmune disease with fibrous lesions forming in the lymph nodes, liver, skin, eyes, small bones in the hands and feet, and spleen

Question 39

Kaposi's sarcoma

Answer 39

type of skin cancer seen in AIDS patients that consists of brownish-purple spots that begin in the skin and spread to internal organs

Question 40

pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP)

Answer 40

opportunistic infection of the lungs common in immunodeficient persons

Question 41

scratch test

Answer 41

type of allergy testing in which the body is exposed to allergens through light scratches

Question 42

urticaria

Answer 42

the medical term for the severe itching associated with allergic reactions and hives

Question 43

vaccination

Answer 43

exposure to weakened pathogen in order to generate an immune response and antibody production to give future protection against that disease

Question 44

systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)

Answer 44

autoimmune disease in which the immune system attacks connective tissue throughout the body

Question 45

severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID)

Answer 45

genetic condition of children born with not functioning immune systems, and who are often condemned to isolated, sterile rooms

Question 46

-toxic

Answer 46

poison

Question 47

-therapy

Answer 47

therapy, treatment