immunology

Question 1

term used when an individual received same alleles from both parents

Answer 1

homozygous

Question 2

Chinese way of immunization (variolation) with smallpox

Answer 2

inhalation of skin crust/scabs

Question 3

it is the practice of deliberately exposing an individual to material from smallpox lesions

Answer 3

variolation

Question 4

Cowpox vaccine does prevent smallpox from developing. This is called _

Answer 4

cross-immunity

Question 5

injection of antibodies produced by another individual is an example of what immunity?

Answer 5

passive artificial

Question 6

normal biota means _

Answer 6

normal flora

Question 7

primary lymphoid organs

Answer 7

bone marrow & thymus

Question 8

secondary lymphoid organs

Answer 8

spleen, lymph nodes & Peyer’s patches

Question 9

B cells develop in the _

Answer 9

bone marrow

Question 10

T cells are located primarily in the _ of the spleen

Answer 10

periarteriolar sheath

Question 11

double negative thymocytes are _

Answer 11

immature T cells

Question 12

CD that appears during 1st stage of T cell development & present as an identifying marker for T cells

Answer 12

CD2

Question 13

CD that is the most specific identifying marker for mature T cells

Answer 13

CD3

Question 14

CD markers found on mature peripheral helper T cells (3)

Answer 14

CD2, CD3, CD4

Question 15

antibodies to detect CD3 will detect what cell?

Answer 15

circulating T cells

Question 16

population of T lymphocytes in the peripheral blood

Answer 16

60-70%

Question 17

population of B lymphocytes in the peripheral blood

Answer 17

10-20%

Question 18

population of NK cells in the peripheral blood

Answer 18

10-15%

Question 19

specific component of the adaptive immunity formed in response to antigenic stimulation

Answer 19

immunoglobulin

Question 20

what is the body’s general response to injury and infectious agents?

Answer 20

inflammation

Question 21

most important defense of the body against fungal infections

Answer 21

cell-mediated immunity

Question 22

cells that stimulates transformation of B cell into plasma cell

Answer 22

helper T cells

Question 23

cell that expresses the CD8 marker & acts to kill tumors or virally infected cells

Answer 23

T cytotoxic

Question 24

what molecule on the surface of most T cells recognizes antigen

Answer 24

T-cell Receptor (TcR), consisting of two chains (alpha & beta)

Question 25

a soluble protein mediator released by sensitized lymphocytes on contact with an antigen

Answer 25

lymphokine

Question 26

what are lymphokine activated killer (LAK) cells?

Answer 26

NK cells + IL-2

Question 27

T lymphocytes kill infected cells by releasing _

Answer 27

perforin (and granzymes)

Question 28

immunosuppresive agents that inhibits IL-2 mediated T cells (2)

Answer 28

tacrolimus, cyclosporine

Question 29

cell considered to be a homeostatic regulator of inflammation

Answer 29

eosinophils

Question 29

protein released by eosinophils that are toxic to parasites (2)

Answer 29

major basic protein, eosinophil cationic protein

Question 30

ferrata cells (tissue neutrophils) in exudates are indicative of

Answer 30

acute inflammation

Question 30

most of the pathology associated with a parasitic infection results from _

Answer 30

immune response to offending organism

Question 31

resembles mast cell

Answer 31

basophils

Question 31

the chronic nature of parasitic infections is due to host's _

Answer 31

inability to eliminate the infective agent

Question 31

cells that release histamine causing allergic reaction and heparin to prevent coagulation (2)

Answer 31

mast cells, basophils

Question 31

most potent antigen presenting cell (APC)

Answer 31

dendritic cells

Question 31

macrophage found in the liver

Answer 31

kupffer cell