Immunology Flashcards
(83 cards)
1
Q
SHiNE SKiS?
A
- Streptococcus pneumoniae
- Haemophilus influenzae type B
- Neisseria meningitidis
- Escherichia coli
- Salmonella
- Klebsiella pneumoniae
- Group B Strep
[Encapsulated bacteria mnemonic]
2
Q
You have no T cells: What pathogens get you?
A
- Bacterial sepsis
- CMV, EBV, JCV, VZV chronic resp. & GI viral infections
- Candida, PCP
3
Q
You have no B cells: What pathogens get you?
A
- SHiNE SKiS
- Enteroviral encephalitis, poliovirus (don’t use live vaccine!)
- GI giardiasis (no IgA)
4
Q
You have no granulocytes: What pathogens get you?
A
- Staphylococcus, burkholderia cepacia, serratia, nocardia
- n/a
- candida, aspergillus
5
Q
You have no complement: What pathogens get you?
A
-Neisseria (no MAC complexes)
6
Q
Axillary lymph node drains?
A
breast, upper limb, skin above umbilicus
7
Q
mediastinal lymph node drains?
A
trachea, esophagus
8
Q
internal iliac lymph node drains?
A
lower rectum to anal canal (above pectinate line), bladder, vagina (middle third), prostate
9
Q
para-aortic lymph node drains?
A
testes, ovaries, kidneys, uterus
10
Q
superficial lymph node drains?
A
anal canal (below pectinate line), skin below umbilicus (except popliteal territory)
11
Q
popliteal lymph node drains?
A
dorsolateral foot, posterior calf
12
Q
right lymphatic duct drains?
A
right side of body above diaphragm
13
Q
left lymphatic duct joins circulation where?
A
junction left subclavian & internal jugular vein
14
Q
Post-splenectomy, a patient will show what blood abnormalities?
A
Howell-Jollly bodies (nuclear remnants. round dot.), target cells, thrombocytosis (cuz spleen sequesters thrombocytes)
15
Q
IL-1 function?
A
- endogenous PYROGEN
- osteoclast-activating factor
- acute inflamm
- activates endothelium to express adhesion molecules
- induces chemokine secretion to recruit leukocytes
16
Q
IL-4 function?
A
- STIMUILATES IgE production (by promoting differentiation into Th2 cells & class switching to IgE, IgG)
- Stimulates growth of B cells
17
Q
IL-5 function?
A
- STIMULATES IgA production
- Promotes differentiation of B cells
- Stimulates growth, differentiation, attraction of eosinophils
18
Q
IL-8 function?
A
-Attract NEUTROPHILS
19
Q
IL-10 function?
A
- INHIBITS INFLAMMATION
- inhibits differentiation into Th1 cells
- Secreted by Tregs
20
Q
IL-12 function?
A
-BESTOWS Th1-ness, BRIGHTENS NK’s, Secreted by B CELLS also.
21
Q
IL-14 function?
A
-SECRETED by Th2’s.
22
Q
Cytokine mnemonic?
A
Hot T-Bone stEAK NIBS
1) Fever
2) T cell stim
3) Bone marrow stim
4) IgE stim
5) IgA stim
6) aKute phase protein stim
8) Neutrophil stim
10) Inhibit inflamm & Th1’s
12) Bestow Th1-ness, Brightnen NK’s, B cells secrete it.
13) Secreted by Th2’s
23
Q
IL-6 function?
A
- aKute phase protein production
- pyrogen
- Secreted by Th2’s
24
Q
B cells have what CD’s?
A
- Ig
- CD19, 20, CD21 (eppstein receptor), 40
- MHC II, B7
25
Macrophages have what CD's?
- CD14 (endotoxin receptor), 40
- MHC II, B7
- Fc & C3b receptors (opsonization receptor)
26
NK cells have what CD's?
CD16 (binds Fc of IgG), 56 (unique marker for NK)
27
T cells have what CD's?
- TCR (binds MHC)
- CD3 (associated w/ TCR for signal transduction)
- CD28 (binds B7 on APC)
28
CD4 cells have what other CD?
CD40 ligand
29
Which bugs warrant use of IVIG?
-Tetanus
-Botulinum
-Hep B *
-Rabies *
"To Be Healed Rapidly"
* = Hep B or rabies get combined passive/active vaccination
30
Type 3 Hypersensitivity diseases?
-SLE
-Polyarteritis nodosa
-Post-strep glomerulonephritis
-Serum sickness & Arthus Rxn
[they make sense...]
31
Type 4 Hypersensitivity diseases?
- Multiple Sclerosis
- Guillain-Barre
- Graft Versus Host
- PPD
- Contact dermatitis
32
Type 2 Hypersensitivity Dz?
Everything else not under 1,3, or 4.
33
Transfusion allergic rxn is?
- Type 1 against plasma proteins in transfused blood
| - Typical type 1 sx (tx is antihistamines)
34
Transfusion anaphylactic rxn is?
-IgA-deficient people->asthma + hypotension->shock
35
Transfusion febrile nonhemolytic rxn is?
- Type 2. Host Ab against donor HLA antigens & leukocytes.
| - Fever, headache, chills, flushing
36
Transfusion acute hemolytic rxn is?
- Type 2:
a) intravascular hemolysis=ABO incompatibility
b) extravascular hemolysis=host Ab against foreign antigen on donor RBC's
- Fever, hypotension, tachypnea, tachycardia, FLANK PAIN, HEMOGLOBINEMIA (intravascular), JAUNDICE (extravascular hemolysis)
37
Anti-cardiolipin, lupus anticoagulant (beta 2 glycoprotein 1): which dz?
SLE, antiphospholipid syndrome
38
Anti-dsDNA, Anti-Smith, anti-snRP: which dz?
SLE (dsDNA is prognostic) and first 2 are specific
39
Antinuclear antibodies (ANA): which dz?
SLE and NONSPECIFIC
40
Anticentromere Ab: which dz?
Limited scleroderma (CREST)
41
Anti-desmoglein: which dz?
Pemphigus vulgaris
42
Anti-glutamate decarboxylase: which dz?
DM Type 1
43
Anti-hemidesmosome Ab: which dz?
Bullious pemphigoid
44
Antihistone Ab: which dz?
DRUG-INDUCED lupus
45
Anti-Jo-1, anti-SRP, anti-Mi-2 Ab: which dz?
Polymyositis, dermatomyositis (Jo-1 is tRNA synthetase)
46
Antimicrosomal, antithyroglobulin
Hashimoto thyroiditis (against TPO and/or thyroglobulin)
47
Antimitochondrial Ab: which dz?
Primary biliary cirrhosis
48
Anti-Scl-70 (anti-DNA topoisomerase 1) Ab: which dz?
Scleroderma (diffuse)
49
Anti-smooth muscle Ab: which dz?
autoimmune hepatitis
50
Anti-SSA, Anti-SSB (anti-Ro, anti-La) Ab: which dz?
Sjogren syndrome (or subacute SLE). Both are against ribonucleoproteins.
51
Anti-TSH receptor Ab: which dz?
Graves
52
Anti-U1 RNP (ribonucleoprotein) Ab: which dz?
mixed connective tissue dz
53
c-ANCA alternate name is?
PR3-ANCA (Wegener)
54
IgA antiendomysial, IgA TTG (tissue transglutaminase) Ab: which dz?
Celiac
55
p-ANCA alternate name is?
MPO-ANCA (Microscopic polyangiitis, Churg-Strauss)
56
anti-CCP Ab: which dz?
Rheumatoid arthritis
57
Rheumatoid factor is most commonly what kind of Ab? What dz?
- most commonly IgM, specific to IgG Fc region
| - Rheumatoid arthritis
58
Alemtuzumab? (1:target, 2: clinical, 3: notes)
- CD52
- CLL
- "aLYMtuzumab" (chronic LYMphocytic leukemia)
59
Bevacizumab? (1:target, 2: clinical, 3: notes)
- VEGF
| - colorectal cancer, renal cell carcinoma
60
Cetuximab? (1:target, 2: clinical, 3: notes)
- EGFR
| - Stage 4 colorectal cancer, head & neck cancer
61
Rituximab? (1:target, 2: clinical, 3: notes)
- CD20
| - B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma, rheumatoid arthritis (with MTX), ITP
62
Natalizumab? (1:target, 2: clinical, 3: notes)
- alpha4-integrin
- multiple sclerosis, Crohn
- alpha4 integrin: leukocyte adhesion. Risk of PML in patients w/ JC virus.
63
Abciximab? (1:target, 2: clinical, 3: notes)
- Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa
- Atni-latelet agent for prevention of ischemic complications in percutaneous coronary interventions
- "IIb times IIa equals abSIXimab"
64
Denosumab? (1:target, 2: clinical, 3: notes)
- RANKL
- Osteoporosis; inhibits osteoclast maturation (mimics osteoprotegrin)
- "DenOsumab for Osteoclasts"
65
Omalizumab? (1:target, 2: clinical, 3: notes)
- IgE
| - Allergic asthma; prevents IgE binding to FcEpsilonRI
66
Palivizumab? (1:target, 2: clinical, 3: notes)
- RSV F protein
- RSV prophylaxis for high-risk infants
- "PaliVIzumab - VIrus"
67
Epoetin alfa is a drug that mimics?
erythropoietin
68
Oprelvekin mimics? Used for?
- IL-11
| - Thrombocytopenia
69
Filgrastim mimics? Used for?
- G-CSF
| - recovery of marrow
70
Sargramostim mimics? Used for?
- GM-CSF
| - recovery of marrow
71
Aldesleukin mimics? Used for?
- IL-2
| - Renal cell carcinoma, metastatic melanoma
72
IFN-Alpha use?
chronic Hep B, C, Kaposi sarcoma, hairy cell leukemia, condyloma acuminatum, renal cell carcinoma, malignant melanoma
73
IFN-Beta use?
multiple sclerosis "Interferes w/ the BUTT of multiple sclerosis"
74
IFN-Gamma use?
Chronic granulomatous dz
75
HLA Associations: A3?
Hemochromatosis (picmon)
76
HLA Associations: B27?
```
PAIR (seronegative arthropathies)
Psoriatic arthritis
Ankylosing spondylitis
arthritis of Inflammatory bowel dz
Reactive arthritis (formerly Reiter syndrome)
```
77
HLA Associations: DQ2, DQ8?
Celiac
| "I got CELIAC TWICE after eating DQ EIGHT times in a row!"
78
HLA Associations: DR2
Multiple sclerosis, hay fever, SLE, Goodpasture syndrome
79
HLA Associations: DR3?
DM type 1, SLE, Graves
80
HLA Associations: DR4?
RHEUMatoid arthritis, DM type 1
| "4 walls in a rheum"
81
HLA Associations: DR5?
Pernicious anemia -> B12 deficient
| Hashimoto thyroiditis
82
Anti-Ca channel antibody: what dz?
Eaton Lambert
83
Order of Ig class switching?
M - D- G- E - A
| Immunity Does Get Extra Awesome
