Immunology Flashcards
(14 cards)
Why do we need an immune system? (3)
- Our bodies provide good nutrients and environment for microbes
- Allows our body to fight off and resist further infections
- Protects us from bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites, and toxins
Innate Immune System (4)
- Fast acting
- General response
- Recognizes general features (e.g. fMet, LPS)
- No learning
Adaptive Immune System (4)
- Slow to respond
- Specific response
- Recognizes unique structures
- Uses memory and recall of defense
First line of defense for body (3)
- Skin
- Mucous membranes and secretions (e.g. acid)
- Normal microbiota
Second line of defense for body (4)
- Phagocytes
- Inflammation
- Fever
- Antimicrobial substances (e.g. lysozymes)
Third line of defense (2)
- Specialized lymphocytes (T and B cells)
- Antibodies
Cellular Content of Blood
- RBCs: non-nucleated, transport oxygen
- Platelets: used in clotting
- WBCs (Leukocytes): Nucleated immune cells
Types of WBCs (3)
- Monocytes
- Granulocytes
- Lymphocytes
Humoral Adaptive Immunity
-B cells help create antibodies that circulate in blood plasma and lymph to bind and mark foreign antigens for destruction
Cell-Mediated Adaptive Immunity
T cells interact with antigens on infected cells; T cells will then grow, divide, and produce T cells that recognize the pathogen; T cells then activate more macrophages, NK cells, antigen-specific cytotoxic T cells, and release of various cytokines
Acquiring a natural infection that initiates an adaptive immune response creates…
Natural Active Immunity
Intentional exposure to harmless antigen to induce antibody formation creates…
Artificial Immunity
Smallpox killed or maimed ___% of humankind
10
Variolation involved…
scratching a healthy person with pus from infected person with smallpox
