Immunology

Question 1

What vaccines are live attenuated?

Answer 1

MMR
Oral polio vaccine
Others:
     - Chicken pox (varicella)
     - Influenza
     - Rotavirus
     - BCG
     - Oral thyphoid
     - Yellow fever
     - Mantoux

Question 2

What vaccines are inactivated?

Answer 2

Pertussis

Whole cell typhoid

Question 3

What vaccines are composed of organism components?

Answer 3

Influenza
Pneumococcal
Diphtheria
Tetanus toxoid

Question 4

What is the basic reproduction number?

Answer 4

Number of cases one case will generate in that cases lifetime (til death/cure)

Question 5

What is a contraindication for all vaccines?

Answer 5

Confirmed anaphylaxis to previous dose of same antigen/component

Question 6

What are contraindications for live vaccines

Answer 6

Immunosuppression:
     - Primary
     - Radiotherapy
     - High dose steroids
     - HIV
Pregnancy

Question 7

Patients who have an egg allergy shouldn’t receive what vaccines?

Answer 7

Yellow fever

Flu (live)

Question 8

What are some other contraindications for vaccines?

Answer 8

Severe latex allergy

Acute/Evolving illness

Question 9

How should yellow fever and MMR be delivered?

Answer 9

> 4 weeks apart

Question 10

How should varicella and MMR vaccines be delivered?

Answer 10

If not given on the same day wait 4 weeks between the two

Question 11

How should the Mantoux test and MMR be given?

Answer 11

If Mantoux given:
- Wait until result before MMR
- Give MMR is urgent protection needed
If MMR given:
- Wait at least 4 weeks before Mantoux

Question 12

What immunisations are given at 2 months?

Answer 12

Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis, Polio + Hib (DTap/lPV/Hib)
Pneumococcal conjugate (PCV)
Rotavirus

Question 13

At what ages is the MMR given?

Answer 13

Between 12-13 months of age

At 3 years 4 months of age

Question 14

What vaccine is given annually between the ages of 2 and 17? How is it delivered?

Answer 14

Influenza:

- Nasal spray (one in each nostril)

Question 15

At what age do girls receive the HPV vaccine?

Answer 15

12-14 years

Question 16

What vaccines are given to 65 years olds?

Answer 16

Pneumococcal polysaccharide (given once)
Influenze (given annually)

Question 17

What vaccine is given to 70 year old people?

Answer 17

Shingles

Question 18

What serogroup of meningococcal spp. has the worst outcomes?

Answer 18

B

Question 19

Vaccines for which meningococcal serogroups do vaccines exist?

Answer 19

A, C, W, Y135 and B

Question 20

What are common travel vaccines?

Answer 20

Hep A + C
Typhoid
Rabies
Yellow fever
Cholera
Japanese B Encephalitis

Question 21

What is disease control? What diseases does this apply to?

Answer 21

Reducing incidence to a locally acceptable level:

- Diarrhoeal disease

Question 22

What is disease elimination? What disease does this apply to?

Answer 22

Reduce incidence to zero in an area:

- Neonatal tetanus

Question 23

What is infection elimination? What diseases does this apply to?

Answer 23

Reducing incidence of infection of a specific agent in an area:

 - Measles
 - Polio

Question 24

What is erradication? What diseases does this apply to?

Answer 24

Permanent worldwide reduction of incidence to zero:

 - Smallpox
 - Rinderpest

Question 25

What is extinction? What diseases does this apply to?

Answer 25

Agent no longer exists in nature or labs: | - None!

Question 26

What can CYT009-GhrQb be used to treat? How does it work?

Answer 26

Obesity therapy 'Instructs' immune system to produce anti-ghrelin Ab response: - Ghrelin is a peptide regulator of eating

Question 27

What can the BCG vaccine be used to treat?

Answer 27

Bladder cancer: - Approved intravesically Eliminates white cells that destroy β-cells in pancreas: - ?T1DM