Immunology

Question 1

3 main parts of a lymph node

Answer 1

Follicle, paracortex, medulla

Question 2

Follicles

Answer 2

site of B cell localization, primary are dense and dormant

Question 3

Medulla

Answer 3

contains cords (lymphocytes, plasma cells) and sinuses (communication with efferents, contain reticular macrophages)

Question 4

Paracortex

Answer 4

close to follicles, contains T cells, high endothelial venules enter here

Question 5

which region is poorly developed in DiGeorge syndrome?

Answer 5

paracortex

Question 6

Where are T cells located in spleen?

Answer 6

White pulp, periarteriolar lymphatic sheath

Question 7

Where are B cells located in spleen?

Answer 7

White pulp, in follicles

Question 8

Where are APCs located in spleen?

Answer 8

Marginal zone between red and white pulp

Question 9

Encapsulated organism pneumonic

Answer 9

SHiNE SKiS
Strep pneumo
Haemophilus influenzae B
Neisseria meningititus
E Coli
Salmonella
Klebsiella pneumo
Strep pyo (group B)

Question 10

Why are asplenic individuals susceptible to encapsulated organisms?

Answer 10

Lower IgM –> lower complement activation –> lower C3b opsonization

Question 11

Peripheral smear findings post splenectomy

Answer 11

Howell Jolly Bodies (no removal of nuclear remnants)
Target cells (HALT)
Thrombocytosis (loss of storage and removal by reticulars)
Lymphocytosis (loss of storage)

Question 12

Which pharyngeal pouch creates the thymus?

Answer 12

Third

Question 13

MHC I Loci

Answer 13

HLA-A, HLA-B, and HLA-C

Question 14

MHC II Loci

Answer 14

HLA-DR, HLA-DP, HLA-DQ

Question 15

Protein associated w/ MHC I

Answer 15

beta2 microglobulin

Question 16

Protein associated w/ MHC II

Answer 16

invariant chain

Question 17

HLA-A3 disease association

Answer 17

Hemochromatosis

Question 18

HLA-B27 disease association

Answer 18

Psoriatic Arthritis, Anklyosing Spondylitis, IBD, and Reactive Arthritis

Question 19

HLA-DQ2/8 disease association

Answer 19

Celiac disease

Question 20

HLA-DR2 disease association

Answer 20

MS, hay fever, SLE, Good Pasture

Question 21

HLA-DR3 disease association

Answer 21

DM, SLE, Graves, Hashimoto thyroiditis

Question 22

HLA-DR4 disease association

Answer 22

RA, DM

Question 23

HLA-DR5 disease association

Answer 23

pernicious anemia (vit b12 deficient)

Question 24

Natural Killer cell enzymes

Answer 24

granzymes and perforin

Question 25

TH1 Cells secrete.....

Answer 25

IFN-gamma to activate macrophages and CTLs

Question 26

TH2 cells secrete....

Answer 26

IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-13 Recruit Eosinophils for parasite defense Promote IgE production by B cells

Question 27

Which cytokines activate TH1 cells?

Answer 27

Interferon Gamma and IL-12 (macrophages)

Question 28

Which cytokines activate TH2 cells?

Answer 28

IL-4

Question 29

Which ABs are on B cell surfaces?

Answer 29

IgG and IgM

Question 30

Most common AB in serum?

Answer 30

IgG

Question 31

First AB made in response to antigen?

Answer 31

IgM

Question 32

Which AB doesn't cross placenta?

Answer 32

IgM

Question 33

Which AB does not fix complement?

Answer 33

IgA

Question 34

Most produced AB?

Answer 34

IgA

Question 35

Which AB is involved in Type I Hypersensitivity reactions?

Answer 35

IgE

Question 36

Which vaccines require adjuvants?

Answer 36

Non-peptide antigens

Question 37

Which cytokine induces acute phase reactants?

Answer 37

IL-6

Question 38

C-reactive Protein

Answer 38

Opsonin that fixes complement to facilitate phagocytosis

Question 39

Ferritin

Answer 39

Binds iron and sequesters in cells to inhibit microbial growth

Question 40

Fibrinogen

Answer 40

Coagulation factor, also promotes endothelial repair | Correlated to ESR

Question 41

Hepcidin

Answer 41

Prevents release of iron from ferritin | --> elevated in anemia of chronic disease

Question 42

Serum Amyloid A

Answer 42

Prolonged elevation leads to amyloidosis.....

Question 43

Albumin's relation to acute phase reactants

Answer 43

Might be reduced in order to conserve amino acids for positive reactant production

Question 44

Transferin (during acute phase reaction)

Answer 44

internalized by macrophages to sequester iron

Question 45

Where is complement synthesized?

Answer 45

Liver

Question 46

Classic Pathway mediators

Answer 46

IgG and IgM mediated

Question 47

Alternative Pathway mediators

Answer 47

microbe surface molecules

Question 48

Lectin pathway mediators

Answer 48

mannose or other sugars

Question 49

List of major complement disorders

Answer 49

C1 esterase inhibitor deficiency C3 deficiency C5-9 deficiencies DAF deficiency

Question 50

C1 esterase inhibitor deficiency

Answer 50

causes angioedema, ACE inhibitors contraindicated

Question 51

C3 deficiency

Answer 51

Increased risk of pyogenic sinus and respiratory infections | increased type 3 hypersensitivity reactions

Question 52

C5-9 deficiencies

Answer 52

increased susceptibility to recurrent Neisseria infections

Question 53

DAF deficiency

Answer 53

complement-mediated hemolysis, paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria

Question 54

Cytokines Secreted by Macrophages

Answer 54

IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, and TNF-alpha

Question 55

Pneumonic for remembering what IL-1 to IL-6 do

Answer 55

``` Hot T-Bone stEAK IL-1: Hot (fever) IL-2: T (T-cells) IL-3: Bone (marrow stim) IL-4: E (IgE) IL-5: A (IgA) IL-6: K (acute phase reactants) ```

Question 56

IL-1 functions

Answer 56

fever, endothelial activation for adhesion

Question 57

IL-6 functions

Answer 57

fever and acute phase proteins

Question 58

IL-8 functions

Answer 58

Neutrophil chemotaxis

Question 59

IL-12 functions

Answer 59

Activates NKs, TH1 differentiation

Question 60

TNF-alpha functions

Answer 60

septic shock, endothelial activation

Question 61

Cytokines secreted by T cells

Answer 61

IL-2 and IL-3

Question 62

IL-2 functions

Answer 62

growth of helper Ts, CTLs, regulatory Ts, NKCs

Question 63

IL-3 functions

Answer 63

bone marrow stimulation

Question 64

Cytokines from TH1 cells

Answer 64

Interferon gamma

Question 65

Cytokines form TH2 cells

Answer 65

IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10

Question 66

IL-4 functions

Answer 66

IgE class switching, TH2 differentiation

Question 67

IL-5 functions

Answer 67

IgA class switching

Question 68

IL-10 functions

Answer 68

Attenuates immune response