Immunology Flashcards
(48 cards)
What is the probably disorder in a young ped pt that: causes very low levels of IgM, IgG, IgA
absence of CD 19+ cells
normal CD4+ and CD56+ cells
bone marrow biopsy showing abnormally high numbers of cells with cytoplasmic mu chains
X-linked (Bruton) agammaglobulinemia
-block in the B-cell maturational process
What is the biochemical etiology of X-link Bruton agammaglobinemia
mutation in Bruton tyrosine kinase (cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase)
-signalling needed to drive pro-B cells to pre-B cells to mature naive B-cells
the cell is stopped at the point that the heavy chains genes have been rearranged, cells dont produce cytoplasmic mu heavy chains
How is genetic information produced in Herpesviruses
Herpesviruses are DNA viruses that use the negative strangd of their genome as a template to transcribe messenger RNA
What are two major chemotactic factors for Neutrophils?
C5a
IL-8
What is the likely causal agent in a immunosuppressed pt with ring-enhancing lesions on MRI?
What part of immunity is likely deficienct in this patient?
Cerebral toxoplasmosis
T-helper 1 cells (toxoplasmosis is intracellular)
What disease is characterized by absence of CD18 antigens?
Leukocyte adhesion deficiency (LAD) - autosomal recessive disorder
–CD18 are needed to form integrins = essential for leukocyte adhesion to endothelial surfaces and migration to peripheral tissues
Which cell types are predominantly responsible for IFN-gamma production?
T-lymphocytes and natural killer cells
What is the mechanism of eosinophilia during parasitic infections
Eosinophil proliferation is caused by IL-5 produced by TH2 and Mast cells
what are the three chemotactic factors for neutrophils?
Leukotriene B4
IL-8
C5a
What is the disease and what is the deficient protein?:
- low blood T lymphocyte count
- severely decreased serum immunoglobulin level
SCID
-deficienty Adenosine deaminase
What immune cell(s) are activated by IL-2
T-cells (CD4, CD8)
B-cells
NK cells
Monocytes
What is the disease:
infant with recurrent bacterial, viral, fungal, and opportunistic infections + failure to thrive, chronic diarrhea
SCID
What two cells are involved in an antigen skin test?
CD4 T cells
Macrophages
What type of hypersensitivity is a hyperacute rejection of a transplant?
Type II hypersensitivity - preformed Abs in circulation against graft
Which cytokines do the following to TH1 cells?
- stimulates
- inhibits
- IFN-gamma, IL-12
2. IL-4, IL-10
Which cytokines do the following to TH2 cells?
- stimulates
- inhibits
- IL-4
2. IFN-gamma
What cytokines are responsible for
1. formation
2. maintenance
of granulomas
- TNF-alpha
2. INF-gamma
What type of hypersensitivity is acute hemolytic transfusion reaction?
what the mechanism of hemolysis?
Type II (Ab mediated) -complement-mediated cell lysis
What do the following Sx suggest?
Bilateral hilar adenopathy
elevated serum Calcium
elevated serum Angiotensin-converting enzyme
Sarcoidosis - formation of noncaseating granulomas
What are fluid findings in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of sarcoidosis
predominance of CD4 T cells
CD4:CD8 ratio > 2:1
Which cytokine is responsible for pus accumulation in an injury
pus = primarily neutrophils IL-8 = neutrophil chemotaxis
What is result of a defect in CD40 ligand - CD40 interaction? Sx?
Sx - recurrent sinopulmonary, gastrointestinal, opportunistic infections
Hyperimmunoglobulin M (no class switching)
what two cell markers prevent complement activation on self-cells
what happens when there is a deficiency in these markers
CD59, CD55(decay accelerating factor
paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
what is the associated disease?
Anti-Jo-1, Anti-SRP, anti-Mi-2
Polymyositis, dermatomyositis
