Immunology Flashcards
(18 cards)
NK
Natural killer cell
IFN
Interferon
Cytokine that promotes immune response. A cell signaling Molecule
IL
Interleukin
JAK
Janus kinase
PRR
Pattern recognition receptor.
These are receptors on the surface of phagocytes that triggers ingestion of the pathogens or debris. They can recognize opsonized material, PAMPS, and a present on the exterior of the sale as well as on the interior
PAMP
Pathogen associated molecular pattern
PAMPS are recognized as being foreign to the host, and example would be a Lipo polysaccharide on the surface of bacteria.
ROI
Reactive oxygen intermediate
TLR
Toll like receptors
Toll like receptors are found on the exterior and interior of phagocytes membranes, and they bind to PAMPs. they have identified 11 known TLRs in humans.
STAT
Signal Transducer and activator of transcription
Innate immune cells
- Basophils and mast cells -Eosinophils and NK cells -Neutrophils
- Monocytes/macrophages and dendritic cells
How do Basophils and mast cells work?
These cells function by releasing histamine to promote inflammation
How do eosinophils and NK cells work?
They work by Releasing cytotoxic substances to kill cells.
How do neutrophils work?
Neutrophils Phagocytose Material to be eliminated
Monocytes/macrophages and dendritic cells work by…
Acting as phagocytes, antigen presenting cells, and can further stimulate immune process.
What is phagosome-lysosome fusion/formation of the phagolysosome?
When a phagocytes “consumes” a pathogen it needs to destroy it. It does this by fusing the newly created phagosome with an internal lysosome. The high pH and presence of NO and ROS (hydrogen peroxide) destroy the pathogen during an oxygen burst or by using proteolytic enzyme‘s (Oxygen independent). Internal digestion
Chédiak-Higashi syndrome
A genetic recessive disorder in lysosomal and vesicle trafficking that leads to defective phagocytosis.
Characterized by partial out by Nelson, increased infections, and neuropathy. It can be diagnosed with congregations of granulocytes known as giant inclusion bodies. There’s no known cure.
The binding of pathogen’s to TLR’s stimulates two major transcription factors;
NF-kB, Promotes information
IRF–3 and I RF–7, promotes production of antiviral interferons to block viral replication and stimulate NK cells
TLR’s in macrophages stimulate the release of…
IFN-alpha and beta. These interferons work to activate antiviral mechanisms in (increased RNAse production) neighboring cells, increase class one MHC expression augment adaptive immune response stimulating NK cell activity
