Immunology

Question 1

Interleukin-2 (IL-2):

Answer 1

Promotes T cell growth and activation

Question 2

CD3:

Answer 2

Expressed on all T cells

Question 3

CD4:

Answer 3

Expressed on helper T cells

Question 4

CD8:

Answer 4

Expressed on cytotoxic T cells

Question 5

CD19:

Answer 5

Expressed on all B cells

Question 6

CD56:

Answer 6

Expressed on NK cells

Question 7

CD28:

Answer 7

Costimulatory protein on T cells (2nd

signal)

Question 8

T cell dependent vs T cell independent response.

Answer 8

T cell dependent response= T cell recognition of a protein and CD4+ T cell. Help to drive a B cell response.

T cell independent response = The B cell response to multivalent non-proteins (e.g. a polysaccharide capsule) that produces an IgM response, and does not require T cell help.

Question 9

MHC Class I vs Class II

Answer 9

MHC Class I - expressed on all nucleated cells and recognized by CD8+
MHC Class II - expressed on APCs and recognized by CD4+

Question 10

Examples of APCs

Answer 10

Macrophages; Dendritic cells; B cells

Question 11

How does Bordetella pertussis evade immunity?

Answer 11

Has proteins that bind to ciliated respiratory

cells to enable infection

Question 12

C1:

Answer 12

Recognizes antigen-antibody complexes in the classic pathway

Question 13

C3 convertase:

Answer 13

Associates with the pathogen cell membrane and cleaves/activates other complement proteins

Question 14

C3a and C5a:

Answer 14

Trigger mast cells to degranulate and release histamine (anaphylatoxins)

Question 15

C5a:

Answer 15

Also chemotactic for neutrophils

Question 16

C3b:

Answer 16

Opsonin for phagocytosis (iC3b and C3d are breakdown products of C3b)

Question 17

C5b,C6,C7,C8,C9:

Answer 17

Form the membrane attack complex

Question 18

C1 esterase inhibitor:

Answer 18

Inhibits the formation of C3

Question 19

Decay accelerating factor (CD55):

Answer 19

Inhibits the formation of C3

Question 20

Deficiency in C1 esterase inhibitor gives rise to …

Answer 20

hereditary angioedema with persistent swelling in the extremities, face, lips, genitals, and GI tract. The major pathology is from uncontrolled generation of bradykinin.

Question 21

Deficiencies in the MAC (C5,C6,C7,C8,C9) predispose to…

Answer 21

infections with Neisseria.

Question 22

Alpha defensins are in ….. and beta defensins are in the ….

Answer 22

GI tract

Respiratory tract

Question 23

Proteins that recognize pathogens outside the cell

Answer 23

Toll-like Receptors

Mannan-binding Lectin

Question 24

Proteins that recognize pathogens inside the cell

Answer 24

NOD receptors

RIG-I helicase

Question 25

Pro-inflammatory cytokines/mediators:

Answer 25

IL-1; IL-6; IL-8; TNFalpha

Question 26

Effect of TNFalpha

Answer 26

Increases cyclooxygenase, which acts on arachidonic acid from the cell membrane to produce prostaglandins which mediate vasodilation and increased vascular permeability, pain, and fever --> SEPSIS

Question 27

Anti-inflammatory cytokines

Answer 27

IL-10; TGFBeta

Question 28

CD14:

Answer 28

Expressed on monocytes/macrophages, co-receptor for TLR4 that recognizes LPS