IMMUNOLOGY Flashcards
What are the two types of immune response in humans?
Innate and acquired
Which is the most abundant white blood cell in humans, characterised by the multi-lobed shape of its nucleus?
Neutrophil
Which antigen-presenting cell is considered a professional at activating lymphocytes?
Macrophages
Which of the following is not a component of innate immune mechanisms?
- Mucosa
- Inflammatory mechanisms
- Antibody production
- Skin
- Antimicrobial peptides
Antibody production
Antigen-presenting cells process and present antigens for recognition by:
T cells
Which of the following are features of the adaptive immune response?
- Does not require prior contact with pathogen
- Works with B and T lymphocytes
- Lacks specificity
- Distinguishes “self” from “non-self”
- Enhanced by complement
- Works with B and T lymphocytes
- Distinguishes “self” from “non-self”
- Enhanced by complement
Complements are the proteins that are involved in the clearance of antigen/bacteria. Which of the following is not part of the elimination phase of complement activation?
- Opsonisation
- Production of interferons
- Target cell lysis
- Chemoattraction of leukocytes
- Phagocytosis
Production of interferons
Which of the following are administered as a live attenuated vaccine in the UK?
- Hepatitis A
- Tetanus
- MMR
- Flu
- BCG (TB)
MMR
Polysaccharide vaccines are compose of long chains of sugar molecules that make up the surface capsule of certain bacteria. These vaccines are available for the treatment of which of the following disease?
Meningococcal disease
Influenza vaccine is targeted towards “at risk” groups in the UK. Which of the following are classified as “at risk”?
- Asthmatics
- 16 year olds
- Diabetics
- Obese
- 6 month olds and over
Asthmatics
Which of the following is not an organ-specific auto-immune disease?
- Type I diabetes mellitus
- Graves disease
- Ulcerative colitis
- Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
- Sjogren’s syndrome
Graves disease
Which of the following are classical PAMPs?
- Flagellin (protein found in bacterial flagella)
- Lipopolysaccharide (from outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria)
- Peptidoglycan (found in bacterial cell walls
- Lipoarabinomannan (of mycobacteria)
- Interleukin 12
Lipopolysaccharide
