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FA facts and associations > Immunology (+ a little pathology) > Flashcards

Immunology (+ a little pathology) Flashcards

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1
Q

HLA A3

A

Hemochromatosis

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2
Q

HLA B27

A

Psoriatic arthritis, Ankylosing spondylitis, arthritis of IBD, Reactive arthritis (Reiter syndrome)

PAIR

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3
Q

HLA DQ2/DQ8

A

Celiac

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4
Q

HLA DR2

A

MS, hay fever, SLE, Goodpasture

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5
Q

HLA DR3

A

T1DM, SLE, Graves dz

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6
Q

HLA DR4

A

RA, T1DM

There are 4 walls in a “rheum” (RA)

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7
Q

HLA DR5

A

Pernicious anemia, Hashimoto thyroiditis

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8
Q

BCR-ABL

A

CML (, ALL) = tyrosine kinase (oncogene)

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9
Q

bcl-2

A

Follicular and undifferentiated lymphomas = anti-apoptotic molecule (oncogene)

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10
Q

BRAF

A

Melanoma = serine/threonine kinase (oncogene)

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11
Q

c-kit

A

GI stromal tumor = cytokine receptor for stem cell (oncogene)

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12
Q

c-myc

A

Burkitt lymphoma = transcription factor (oncogene)

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13
Q

HER2/neu (c-erbB2)

A

breast, ovarian, gastric ca = TK (oncogene)

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14
Q

L-myc

A

Lung tumor = transcription factor (oncogene)

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15
Q

N-myc

A

neuroblastoma = transcription factor (oncogene)

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16
Q

ras

A

colon ca, lung ca, pancreatic ca = GTPase (oncogene)

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17
Q

ret

A

MEN 2 = TK (oncogene)

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18
Q

APC

A

colorectal cancer (tumor suppressor)

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19
Q

BRCA (1&2)

A

breast and ovarian cancer = DNA repair protein (tumor suppressor)

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20
Q

CPD4/SMAD4

A

pancreatic cancer = DPC (tumor suppressor)

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21
Q

DCC

A

colon cancer = DCC (tumor suppressor)

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22
Q

MEN1

A

MEN1 (tumor suppressor)

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23
Q

NF1

A

neurofibromatosis type 1 = RAS GTPase activating protein [neurofibromin] (tumor suppressor)

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24
Q

NF2

A

neurofibromatosis type 2 = Merlin (schwanomin) protein (tumor suppressor)

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25
p16
melanoma = cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (tumor suppressor)
26
p53
most human cancers; Li-Fraumeni syndrome = transcription factor for p21, blocks G1 --> S phase (tumor suppressor)
27
PTEN
breast ca, prostate ca, endometrial ca (tumor suppressor)
28
Rb
Retinoblastoma, osteosarcoma = inhibits E2F; blocks G1 --> S phase (tumor suppressor)
29
TSC1
tuberous sclerosis = hamartin protein (tumor suppressor)
30
TSC2
tuberous sclerosis = tuberin protein (tumor suppressor)
31
VHL
von Hippel-Lindau dz = inhibits hypoxia inducible factor 1a (tumor suppressor)
32
WT1/WT2
Wilms Tumor - nephroblastoma (tumor suppressor)
33
Alkaline phosphatase
mets to bone, liver, Paget dz of bone, seminoma (placental ALP)
34
alpha-fetoprotein
normally made by fetus; HCC, hepatoblastoma, yolk sac (endodermal sinus) tumor, testicular cancer, mixed germ cell tumor (co-secreted with beta-hCG)
35
beta-hCG
pregnancy; hydatidiform mole and choriocarcinoma, testicular ca
36
CA-15-3
breast cancer
37
CA-27-29
breast cancer
38
CA-19-9
pancreatic adenocarcinoma
39
CA-125
ovarian ca
40
calcitonin
medullary thyroid carcinoma
41
CEA
very nonspecific, but produced by ~70% of colorectal and pancreatic cancers; also produced by gastric, breast, and medullary thyroid ca
42
PSA
prostate adenocarcinoma; can also be elevated in BPH and prostatitis
43
S-100
neural crest origin (eg melanoma, neural tumors, schwannomas, Langerhans cell histiocytosis)
44
TRAP
hairy cell leukemia (B-cell neoplasm)
45
Granuloma formation (major components)
macrophage + Th1 --> IL-12 + IFN-gamma --> granuloma (containing epithelioid histiocytes, ie macrophages)
46
Expression of MHC I
All nucleated cell (ie not RBCs)
47
Expression of MHC II
APCs only (B cells, macrophages, DCs)
48
T cell activation: signals 1 and 2
Signal 1: MHC I/II recognized by TCR | Signal 2: costimulatory B7 (on APC) binds to CD28 on T-cell
49
B cell activation: signals 1 and 2
``` Signal 1: TCR on Th binds MHC II on B-cell Signal 2: CD40L (Th) binds CD40 (B-cell) --> class switching, affinity maturation, antibody production ```
50
IgG unique features
most abundant isotype in serum main antibody in DELAYED response to antigen crosses placenta
51
IgA unique features
secretory --> prevents attachment of bacteria/viruses to mucous membranes colostrum = present in early breast milk
52
acute phase reactants
made by: liver present in: acute and chronic inflammatory states induced by: IL-6, IL-1, TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma examples: serum amyloid A, CRP, hepcidin (anemia of chronic dz), ferritin, fibrinogen
53
C1 esterase inhibitor deficiency
loss of inhibition --> increased inflammation causes hereditary angioedema ACEi = contraindicated
54
C5-C9 deficiency
inability to form MAC | increased risk of Neisseria bacteremia
55
Decay acceleration factor/DAF (GPI anchored enzyme) deficiency
paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
56
Hot T-bone stEAK
``` IL-1: fever (hot) IL-2: T-cell growth IL-3: BONE marrow growth/differentiation IL-4: IgE production (& IgG) IL-5: IgA production (+ eosinophils) IL-6: aKute-phase protein production ```
57
IL-8
chemokine for neutrophils | "clean up in aisle (IL) - 8"
58
IL-12
Th --> Th1 | Activates NK cells
59
TNF-alpha
septic shock
60
IL-10
secreted by T_reg and macrophages | modulates inflammatory response; inhibits activated T cell and Th1 (like TGF-beta)
61
TGF-beta
involved in inhibiting inflammation (like IL-10)
62
Interferon alpha and beta
glycoproteins = part of innate defense against viruses, secreted by viral-infected cells, act locally on uninfected cells --> RNAase L, Protein kinase --> apoptosis [like a suicide mission; take one for the team]
63
CD3
T-cell surface protein
64
CD28
T-cell surface protein (binds B7 on APC)
65
CD19, 20, 21, 40
B cell surface protein
66
CD14
Macrophage surface protein
67
MHC II, B7
APC surface protein (important for T-cell activation)
68
Superantigens
cross-link T-cell receptor and MHC II on APC --> massive release of cytokines; seen on S. pyogenes and S. aureus
69
Antitoxins
a form of passive immunity; | give following exposure to Tetanus, Botulinum, HBV, or Rabies = To Be Healed Rapidly
70
Examples of LIVE attenuated vaccines
MMR, polio (Sabin = oral), influenza (intranasal), varicella, yellow fever
71
Examples of INACTIVATED/KILLED vaccines
cholera, hep A, polio (Salk = injection), influenza (injection), rabies
72
Hypersensitivity reactions mnemonic: ACID
Type I: Anaphylactic and Atopic Type II: Cytotoxic (antibody-mediated) Type III: Immune complex deposition Type IV: Delayed (cell-mediated, no antibody involvement)
73
Anti-ACh receptor
MG
74
Anti-glutamate decarboxylase
T1DM
75
Anti-Jo-1, anti-SRP, anti-Mi-2
poly- and dermato-myositis
76
Antimicrosomal, antithyroglobulin
Hashimoto thyroiditis
77
Anti-smooth muscle
autoimmune hepatitis
78
Anti-SSA, SSB
Sjogren's
79
Anti-Ro, La
Sjogren's
80
Anti-U1 RNP
Mixed connective tissue dz (features of SLE. systemic sclerosis, polymyositis)
81
Anti-CCP
RA
82
Recurrent bacterial skin and mucosal infections, absent pus formation, delayed separation of umbilical cord
leukocyte adhesion deficiency (type 1), defect in LFA-1 integrin (CD-18) protein on phagocytes --> impaired migration and chemotaxis; AR labs: increased neutrophils (b/c decreased marginated pool)
83
Catalase positive organisms
PLACESS-N: pseudomonas (cepacia), listeria, aspergillus, candida, e coli, s. aureus, serratia, norcadia; increased risk in CGD
84
Negative nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) dye reduction test
chronic granulomatous disease (defect of NADPH oxidases --> inability to form oxidative burst)
85
Risk of PML in pts with JC virus
natalizumab = alpha-4 integrin antibody | used to tx MS, Crohn's
86
Bugs for which polysaccharide components can be covalently bound to protein carriers and used as vaccine antigens
Encapsulated bacteria (eg SHiN: strep pneumo, HiB, Neisseria meningitidis)

FA facts and associations (4 decks)

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