Immunology and Serology

Question 1

List the immunoglobulins in order from most abundant to least abundant

Answer 1

1) IgG
2) IgA
3) IgM
4) IgD
5) IgE

Question 2

IgG

Answer 2

most versatile and most abundant. only antibody that can cross the placental barrier. Stimulates phagocytic cells

Question 3

IgM

Answer 3

activates initial attack on antigens. very good at clumping antigens together for elimination

Question 4

IgA

Answer 4

major class of immunoglobulins in secretions (tears, saliva, colostrum, mucus). stimulated with intranasal vaccines

Question 5

IgD

Answer 5

role is uncertain. thought to have a role in activating and suppressing lymphocyte activity

Question 6

IgE

Answer 6

least common. binds to basophils and mast cells. allergic reactions and parasitic infections

Question 7

What is the innate immune system?

Answer 7

passive, no memory. neonates are born with this, doesn’t last long

Question 8

What is acquired immunity?

Answer 8

remembers a specific pathogen. must be able to differentiate foreign bodies. slower response

Question 9

What organs/structures make up the lymphatic system?

Answer 9

lymph nodes, bone marrow, thymus, spleen

Question 10

Where do B and T cells mature?

Answer 10

B cells- bone marrow

T cells- thyroid

Question 11

Examples of anatomical barrier in innate immunity

Answer 11

skin, mucus membranes, cilia

Question 12

What are the four cellular components of innate immunity?

Answer 12

1) neutrophils
2) macrophages
3) natural killers and lymphokine activated killers (LAK)
4) eosinophils

Question 13

NK and LAK are good at killing what types of cells?

Answer 13

NK (natural killers)- viruses

LAK (lymphokine activated killers)-tumors

Question 14

antigen

Answer 14

foreign substance in the body

Question 15

pathogen

Answer 15

a microorganism that causes disease

Question 16

What is the benefit of resident flora?

Answer 16

prevents colonization of new microorganisms (pathogenic)

Question 17

What is a compliment system?

Answer 17

group of proteins that help stimulate inflammation. promotes phagocytosis and lysis of cells.part of both innate and acquired immune systems

Question 18

humoral immunity

Answer 18

antibodies

Question 19

cell-mediated immunity

Answer 19

T-cells (killer, suppressor, helper, macrophages, dendritic cells)

Question 20

2 types of active humoral immunity

Answer 20

1) vaccines

2) got it through natural experience (disease)

Question 21

What is passive humoral immunity?

Answer 21

passed from one animal to another.

ex. mother to babies through colostrum

Question 22

What are antibodies and what is the purpose?

Answer 22

proteins generated by the immune system in response to antigens

Question 23

What happens when a B cell comes into contact with an antigen?

Answer 23

1) helper T cell activates B cell

2) B cell splits into 2 new cells (memory and plasma cell)

Question 24

What are the two main antigen presenting cells discussed in class?

Answer 24

dendritic cells and macrophages

Question 25

Describe a memory B cell

Answer 25

close cell with memory of antigen

Question 26

What happens to an antigen after a free-floating antibody attaches to it?

Answer 26

"marked" and eaten by phagocytic cells

Question 27

Killer T cells

Answer 27

(CD8) goes out and kills foreign bodies

Question 28

Helper T cells

Answer 28

(CD4) stimulates B cells

Question 29

suppressor T cells

Answer 29

slows and halts production of B and T cells (prevents allergic reactions)

Question 30

What is an attenuated vaccine?

Answer 30

modified live vaccine

Question 31

What does ELISA stand for?

Answer 31

enzyme linked immunosorbant assay

Question 32

What is the RIM test?

Answer 32

AKA lateral flow assay. uses gold particles that attach to antigen and causes binding

Question 33

What is the immunodiffusion test?

Answer 33

uses agur (petri dish). used for EIA (equine infectious anemia) and Johnes disease

Question 34

What does the Coombs test diagnose?

Answer 34

IMHA (immune mediated hemolytic anemia)

Question 35

What is the difference between the ELISA and CELISA tests?

Answer 35

CELISA gives you a concentration of antibodies/antigens binding

Question 36

direct Coombs test

Answer 36

uses whole blood

Question 37

indirect Coombs test

Answer 37

uses serum

Question 38

somatic cell

Answer 38

any cell produced by the body. recognized by the body by MHCs (proteins on surface)

Question 39

MHC1

Answer 39

on all cells in body

Question 40

MHC2

Answer 40

only found on lymphocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells

Question 41

intradermal skin test

Answer 41

intra dermal test used to diagnose allergies (not food allergies!)