Immunology and The Immune System

Question 1

Resistance to disease, specifically infections disease

Answer 1

Immunity

Question 2

Role/function of immunity

Answer 2

Recognize self from nonself and defend body against nonself

Question 3

Lymphocytes are divided into

Answer 3

B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, natural killer cells

Question 4

B lymphocytes are mediators of

Answer 4

humoral immunity

Question 5

T lymphocytes are mediators of

Answer 5

Cell mediated immunity

Question 6

Cells of innate immunity

Answer 6

Natural killer cells

Question 7

Antigen presenting cells are divided into

Answer 7

Dendritic cells, macrophages, follicular dendritic cells

Question 8

Capture antigens for display to lymphocytes

Answer 8

Antigen-presenting cells

Question 9

Dendritic cells are responsible for the Initiation of

Answer 9

T cell responses

Question 10

Macrophages are responsible for the initiation and effector phase of

Answer 10

Cell mediated immunity

Question 11

Follicular dendritic cells are responsible for the display of ___ to ___ in ___ immune responses

Answer 11

Display of antigens to B lymphocytes in humoral immune response

Question 12

Effector cells are divided into

Answer 12

T lymphocytes, macrophages & monocytes, granulocytes

Question 13

T lymphocytes are also effector cells via the __ and ___

Answer 13

Helper T cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes

Question 14

effector cells Cells of the mononuclear - phagocyte system

Answer 14

Macrophage and monocytes

Question 15

Granulocyte effector cells

Answer 15

Neutrophils and Eosinophils

Question 16

Innate immunity

Answer 16

First line of defense

Question 17

The first line of protection is achieved by the __

Answer 17

skin

Question 18

how does skin achieve first line of protection?

Answer 18

Via: Keratinization and Normal flora

Question 19

responsible for the skins metabolisms in some of our secretions

Answer 19

Normal flora

Question 20

Secretion of skin includes:

Answer 20

-Sebum (from sebaceous gland)
-oil
-lactic acid (from sweat)
-cerium men (a wax that is found in auditory canal)

Question 21

Various secretions start with the

Answer 21

respiratory tract;

Question 22

produces acidic and alkaline substances in the stomach.

Answer 22

Digestive tract

Question 23

the mouth produces __ that contain __ (antibody found in all secretions)

Answer 23

lysozymes that contain IgA

Question 24

urogenital tract: It is important to maintain vagina’s acidity- which is maintained by

Answer 24

Lactobacillus acidophilus

Question 25

Remember: our first line of defense only works especially our skin if it is ____.

Answer 25

Unbroken

Question 26

One of the ways that body resists infection after microorganisms have penetrated the first line of defense.

Answer 26

Innate (Natural) Immunity

Question 27

What is the very important characteristic of innate immunity?

Answer 27

It is non-specific.

Question 28

MAIN cellular components of Innate immunity?

Answer 28

phagocytes specifically NEUTROPHIL.

Question 29

cellular components of Innate immunity?

Answer 29

Masts cells Neutrophils Macrophages

Question 30

Humoral components of Innate immunity

Answer 30

1. Complement system 2. Lysozymes 3. Interferons (a cells that protect themselves against the virus)

Question 31

Detection of microbial pathogen is carried out by

Answer 31

sentinel cells

Question 32

a cell in the body first line of defense which embed themselves in tissue such as skin

Answer 32

sentinel cells

Question 33

Act as sentinel cells which are in close contact w/ the host natural environment.

Answer 33

macrophages and dendritic cells

Question 34

Neutrophils and macrophages destroy pathogens via

Answer 34

phagocytosis

Question 35

Apart, from phagocytosis there will be a reaction of the nearby tissues because of a lot chemical mediators that will lead to a process called

Answer 35

inflammatory response.

Question 36

If the degree of inflammation is very extensive there would be an increase of what we call ____ which are indicators of inflammatory diseases.

Answer 36

acute phase proteins or reactants

Question 37

How do we know that the patient's body is inflamed?

Answer 37

Test via acute phase reactants and ESR

Question 38

can detect some of these acute but not specific phase reactants

Answer 38

ESR (Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate)

Question 39

protein that are major humoral or fluid component of our natural immunity

Answer 39

Complement system

Question 40

Phagocytosis: is always part of __ response

Answer 40

inflammatory response.

Question 41

5 cardinal signs of inflammation:

Answer 41

-Redness -Rubor -Calor -Dolor -Tumor and Function of Laesa (loss of function)