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Chem (Clinicals) > Immunology exam 2 > Flashcards

Immunology exam 2 Flashcards

(59 cards)

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1
Q

CRP function

A 
Opsonization
Agglutination
Precipitation
activation of classical pathway of complement
Promotes phagocytosis
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2
Q

CRP is known as a ______

A

pentraxin

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3
Q

Serum Amyloid A function

A

chemical messenger
activates monos/marcros
promotes inflammation
Cleans up cholesterol from site of tissue injury

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4
Q

Complement function

A

opsonization
chemotaxis
lysis

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5
Q

Alpha-1 AT function

A

plasma inhibitor of proteases released from WBCs
(esp. elastase)
Regulates expression of proinflammatory cytokines

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6
Q

Ceruloplasmin function

A

Copper-transporting protein

Enzymatic (Ferroxidase: Fe 2+ to 3+)

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7
Q

haptoglobin function

A

binds irreversibly to free Hgb released by intravascular hemolysis.
Acts as an antioxidant by providing protection against oxidative damage of free Hgb.

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8
Q

Once hgb bound to haptoglobin it is…

A

Cleared by the liver, preventing the loss of free Hgb

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9
Q

Fibrinogen function

A

Makes fibrin clot
Stimulates endothelial cell adhesion & proliferation (critical to healing)
Promotes aggregation of RBCs & plts

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10
Q

4 cardinal signs of inflammation

A

Redness
Swelling
Heat
Pain

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11
Q

5 major events after injury

A
  1. increased blood supply to affected area
  2. Increased capillary permeability
  3. Migration of WBCs (diapedisis)
  4. Migration of macrophages & dendritic cells
  5. APRs stimulate phagocytosis
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12
Q

Healing process is completed with:

A

normal tissue structure

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13
Q

7 steps of phagocytosis

A
  1. Adherence
  2. Engulfment
  3. Formation of Phagosome
  4. Granule contact
  5. Formation of phagolysosome
  6. Digestion
  7. Excretion
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14
Q

Adherence

A

physical contact between phagocyte & microbe, aided by opsonins

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15
Q

Engulfment

A

outflowing of cytoplasm to surround microbe

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16
Q

Formation of phagosome

A

microbe is completely surrounded by part of the cell membrane

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17
Q

granule contact

A

lysosomal granules contact & fuse with the phagosome

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18
Q

Formation of the phagolysosome

A

Contents of the lysosome are emptied into the membrane-bound space

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19
Q

Degestion

A

… of the microbe by hydrolytic enzymes

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20
Q

Excretion

A

Contents of the phagolysosome are expelled to the outside by exocytosis

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21
Q

5 types of CD4 cells

A 
Th1
Th2
T reg/ T supp
Monocytes
Macrophages
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22
Q

CD16

A

Receptor on NK (& some other) cells for Fc portion of IgG.

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23
Q

2 ways NK cells can kill other cells

A
  1. Contact with MCH; inhibitory vs. activating receptors. If no MHC contact, no inhibition.
  2. Ab-dependent. Recognize & lyse Ab-coated cells via CD-16 IgG receptor
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24
Q

CD16 receptors bind the Ab and release:

Study These Flashcards
A

perforins & granzymes

25
___ is a main part of TCR
CD3
26
T cell positive selection
TCR must be functional, recognize antigens
27
T cell MHC restriction
only cells that react with host MHC survive
28
T cell negative selection
cells that react with self-Ag are destroyed | eliminates cells that would have AI response
29
Th1 cells promote ____ response
cellular
30
Th1 cells activate....
cytotoxic lymphs & macrophages
31
Th2 cells promote ______ response
humoral
32
Th2 cells help....
Regulate B cell activity, help B cells produce Abs
33
T regulatory cells have CD ___ and ___
4 and 25
34
T reg cell function
suppress the immune response to self-ags secrete inhibitory cytokines to inhibit proliferation of other T-cell populations
35
B cell differentiation starts in the _____
bone marrow
36
Pro-B cells develop from...
rearrangement of genes that code for heavy & light chains of Ab molecules
37
Pro-B cells must so this to become pre-B cells
successfully rearrange 1 set of heavy chain genes
38
Pre-B cells ID'ed by....
``` Heavy mu chains of IgM class in cytoplasm. Short chains Ig-alpha and -beta ```
39
Pre-B IgM heavy chains can express on cell surface with a...
surrogate light chain
40
Pre-B cell differentiation begins with....
synthesis of heavy chain Ab molecule
41
Immature B cells ID'ed by...
complete IgM ab on cell surface that serve as Ag receptors
42
__________ determine specificity got Ags
variable regions
43
CD21 is receptor for...
C3d (seen on immature B cells)
44
The process of central tolerance involves...
elimination of B cells that have self-reactive receptors
45
Immature B cell surface proteins
IgM CD21 CD40 class II MHC
46
If immature B cells survive central tolerance, they move to the ___
spleen
47
Mature B cells develop in the ___
spleen
48
Marginal B cells remain ____ and respond quickly to ____
spleen | bloodborne pathogens
49
Follicular B cells migrate to ____ and then ___
lymph nodes & other secondary organs | recirculate
50
Mature B cells have ___ and ___ on surface
IgM | IgD
51
Antigen-dependent stage of B-cell development forms:
memory cells | Ab-secreting plasma cells
52
ag-dependent stage occurs in....
primary follicles of peripheral lymph tissue
53
Plasma cells have a lot of ____ and little or no ____
cytoplasmic Igs | surface Igs
54
Plasma cells are found in...
peripheral lymphoid organs and bone marrow
55
APCs are activated during the ____ immune response
innate
56
T cells interact with APCs to initiate...
adaptive immune response
57
3 things that lymph ID can help Diagnose:
Malignancies AIDS Immunodeficiency diseases
58
This is the T-cell receptor for Ag
CD3/TCR complex | alpha & beta chains have variable regions that bind only to certain Ags
59
____ helps B cells interact with Th cells in the production of Abs
MHC II

Chem (Clinicals) (4 decks)

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