Immunology - FA, Pathoma Flashcards
(113 cards)
1
Q
Structure of MHC I?
MHC II?
A
1 long chain, 1 short chain
2 equal-length chains
2
Q
What causes Chediak-Higashi syndrome?
inheritance?
Main findings/CFs?
A
Defect in LYST –> microtubule dysfunction in phagolysosome
AR
Giant granules, pancytopenia, recurrent pyogenic infections
3
Q
What HLA does celiac disease have?
A
DQ2/DQ8
4
Q
Keloid is characterized by excess what?
Describe how?
Affects what body parts, what demographic??
A
Collagen type 3
Excess production of scar tissue WAY out of proportion to wound
earlobes, face, UE –> AAs
5
Q
What causes a + PPD?
A
T cells
Transplant rejection
TB skin test
Touching (contact dermatitis)
6
Q
Where are the stem cells of bowel?
A
Crypts
7
Q
What portion of the antibody determines isotype (IgM, IgD)?
A
Fc
8
Q
What is the CD marker for NK cells?
A
CD56
10
Q
Regulatory T cell markers?
A
CD4
CD25
11
Q
MOA of Sirolimus?
SE?
A
mTOR inhibitor, binds FKBP - prevents IL-2
Pancytopenia, insulin resistance
12
Q
What does Alemtuzumab treat?
Target?
A
CLL, MS
CD52
13
Q
What is the CD for EBV?
A
CD21
14
Q
What is hereditary angioedema caused by?
CFs?
A
C1 inhibitor deficiency –> vasodilation
Edema of skin and mucosal surfaces especially periorbital
15
Q
Delayed wound healing due to deficient copper affects what enzyme?
A
Lysyl oxidase
16
Q
MPO-ANCA is what?
Seen in what?
A
p-ANCA
Churg Strauss, UC, microscopic polyangitis
17
Q
Combined passive and active immunizations can be given for what diseases?
A
HepB
Rabies
20
Q
MHC Class II have what loci?
A
HLA-DP, DQ, DR
All have 2 letters
21
Q
What is used to treat thrombocytopenia?
A
Oprelvekin (IL-11)
Romiplostim
Eltromopag
24
Q
Examples of killed vaccine?
A
Rabies
Infuenza (injection)
Polio (Salk)
HepA
RIP Always
25
Q
Leukocyte adhesion deficiency due to what mutation?
Inheritance?
CFs?
A
LFA-1 (CD18)
AR
Recurrent skin and mucosal bacterial infections, absent pus Delayed separation (> 30 days) of umbilical cord
26
Q
Febrile nonhemolytic transfusion reaction to what?
Timing?
A
Host Abs against donor HLA Ags and WBCs
Within 1-6 hours
27
Q
NADPH deficiency causes what?
Pts are at INC risk for what?
A
CGD (can still use H2O2)
catalase (+) organisms - S.aureus, Aspergillus
28
Q
What induces a Th17 cell?
A
TGF-Beta
IL-6
29
Q
Pernicious anemia has what HLA?
A
DR5
30
Acute transplant rejection is due to what?
What type HS?
CD8+ T cells activated against donor MHC
4
31
What type of HS is T1DM?
What T cell mechanism?
Type 4
CD8 CTL
32
Which LNs drain the trachea and kidney and uterus?
Para-aortic
33
What can be used to treat RCC, metastatic melanoma?
Aldeslekin (IL-2)
34
What induces a Th2 cell?
IL-2, IL-4
35
What causes complement mediated lysis of rbc's?
What else can it cause?
CD55 (DAF) deficiency
PNH (paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria)
36
What are some clinical uses for IFN-alpha?
```
Chronic HepB and C
Kaposi
Malignant melanoma
Hairy cell
RCC
Condyloma acuminatum
```
37
What do Th1 cells secrete?
IFN-gamma
| IL-2
38
What causes a defect in Hyper-IgM syndrome?
Inheritance?
CFs?
Defective CD40L on Th cells
X-linked recessive
Severe pyogenic infections, INC IgM
39
What causes Burton agammaglobulinemia?
Sx?
Inheritance?
Defect in BTK (no Bcell maturation)
Recurrent bacterial and enteroviral infections after 6 months
X-linked recessive
42
Sx of DiGeorge?
Tetany (hypocalcemia)
Recurrent viral/fungal infections (T-cell def)
Can have ToF, truncus arteriosus
43
X-linked SCID due to defect in what?
AR?
IL-2R gamma chain
ADA
44
Where is the paracortex located?
What does it house?
Contains what?
Area of cortex bw follicles and medulla
T cells
HEVs through which T and B cells enter the blood
45
Which LNs drain the lungs?
Hilar
46
What does C1 esterase inhibitor deficiency cause?
Dx how? What is Contraindicated?
Herediatry angioedema due to kallikrein causing INC bradykinin
DEC C4 levels, ACE-Is
48
What are all the type 3 HS reactions?
```
PPASS
SLE
PAN
PSGN
Serum sickness
Arthus Reaction
```
49
What has an anti-hemidesmosome ab?
Bullous pemphigoid
| BPH
50
What converts type 3 collagen to type 1 collagen?
What is the required cofactor?
Collagenase
Zinc
53
Which type 2 HS reactions cause inflammation and activate complement and Fc-receptor mediated inflammation?
Goodpasture
Rheumatic Fever
Hyperacute Transplant rejection
54
What induces a Treg cell?
TGF-Beta
55
What is the CD marker for Macrophages?
CD14 (receptor for PAMPs)
56
MHC class I has what Loci?
HLA-A, B , C
All have 1 letter
57
Which LNs drain the trachea and esophagus?
Mediastinal
58
What characterizes hyper IgE syndrome (Job syndrome)?
Inheritance?
CF?
Deficiency of Th17 due to STAT 3 mutation
INC IgE, DEC IFN-gamma
Coarse facies, retained primary teeth, abscesses, derm problems
59
What HLA does DM type 1 Have?
What other disease has this HLA?
DR3
SLE, Graves, Hashimoto, Addison's
60
What does Bevacizumab treat?
Target?
colorectal cancer, RCC, non-small cell lung cancer
VEGF
61
Examples of an active immunization?
Natural infection
Vaccine
Toxoid
62
Where are T cells found in the spleen?
B cells?
PALS
Follicles w/in the white pulp
63
What part of the the LN are plasma cells and lymphocytes located?
Medullary cords
64
Thymomas are seen in what diseases?
M.G.
| SVC syndrome
65
Which type HS is due to antibodies binding to cell-surface antigens?
type 2
67
What treats CGD?
IFN-gamma
69
What induces a Th1 cell?
IL-12, IFN-gamma
70
What drains the scrotum, vulva, anal canal (below pectinate line), and skin below umbilicus?
Superficial inguinal
71
Where do APCs capture blood-borne antigens for recognition by lymphocytes?
What else is located there?
Marginal zone
Macrophages
72
MOA of Tacrolimus?
Aka what?
SE?
Calcineurin inhibitor binds FKBP - prevents IL-2 transcription
FK506
Nephrotoxic, INC risk of diabetes and neurotoxicity
73
Azathioprine MOA?
Used for what?
SE?
Is the precursor of 6-MP, Blocks nucleotide synthesis
RA, Crohn's, GN
Pancytopenia
74
Which Ig is most abundant type in serum?
Most produced antibody overall?
Lowest [ ] in serum?
IgG
IgA
IgE
75
What HLA does Goodpasture's have?
HLA-DR2
76
What receptor is needed for B-cell class switching?
CD40 on B cells
CD40L on Th cell
77
What prevents complement activation on self cells (rbc's)?
DAF (CD55)
| C1 esterase inhibitor
78
What diseases are Type 4 HS due to CD4+ T cells?
Contact dermatitis
| GVHD
79
What cytokines do macrophages secrete?
```
IL-1
IL-6
IL-8
IL-12
TNF-alpha
```
80
What as an autoantibody to desmoglein?
Pemphigus vulgaris - oral mucosa involvement
81
P selectins come from what?
E selectin?
What do the selectins bind to?
Weibel-Palade bodies
TNF, IL-1
sialyl Lewis X on leukocytes (neutrophils)
82
Hyperacute HS type?
GVHD?
2
4
83
What is the thymus derived from?
3rd pouch
84
What drains the lower rectum of anal canal (above pectinate line)?
Internal iliac
85
If the NBT reveals a blue color what does it mean?
If colorless means what?
Normal NADPH oxidase
Can convert O2 --> O2.-
deficiency of enzyme
86
What makes up C3 convertase in classic pathway?
C5 convertase?
C4b2b
C4b2b3b
87
What is common variable immunodeficiency?
Findings?
Defect in B-cell maturation, presents after age 2
DEC plasma cells and Igs
88
Anti-histone marker indicates what?
Drug induced lupus
89
What causes failure to thrive, chronic diarrhea, thrush, recurrent infections of all kind?
Tx?
SCID
IVIG, BM transplant = cure
90
What do all T cells secrete?
IL-2 (T cell growth factor)
| IL-3 (differentiation of BM stem cells)
91
Examples of live attenuated vaccine?
```
MMR
Varicella
BCG
Influenza (intranasal)
Polio (Sabin)
Rotavirus
Yellow fever
```
92
Defect in ATM gene causes what?
How?
CFs?
What abnormal lab?
Ataxia-telangiectasia
Failure to repair dsDNA breaks --> cell cycle arrest
Ataxia, Angiomas, IgA deficiency
Increased AFP
93
What mab treats RSV in infants?
Palivizumab
94
IPEX is due to what gene defect?
Seen in what pts?
FOXP3
Diabetes in male infants
95
What causes DiGeorge syndrome?
22q11 deletion, failure of 3rd and 4th pouches to develop
96
What infections do X-linked agammaglobulinemia pts get?
Do not give these pts what?
Bacterial
Enterovirus (polio, coxsackie)
Giardia
Live vaccines
97
HSC marker?
CD34
98
What do Th2 cells secrete?
IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-13
99
What mab treats psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis?
Drug target?
Ustekinumab
IL-12, IL-23
100
MOA of cyclosporin?
SE?
Other clinical use?
Calcineurin inhibitor, binds cyclophilin - prevents IL-2 transcription
Nephrotoxic, gingival hyperplasia, HTN, hirsutism
101
Ag variation in Salmonella occurs how?
Parasites?
2 flagellar variants
Trypanosomes
102
What mab treats osteoporosis?
Drug target?
Denosumab
RANKL
103
What is characterized by edema, necrosis, and activation of complement?
Due to what?
Arthus reaction
Intradermal injection
104
Other than C3b what is the major opsonin against bacteria?
IgG
105
What is the costimulation protein on T cells needed for activation?
On DCs?
CD28
CD80/86 (B7 protein)
106
What mab targets EGFR?
Tx for what?
Cetuximab
Stage 4 colorectal cancer, H and N cancer
107
What drains the cervix, prostate, bladder, middle third of vagina?
Internal iliac LN
108
IL-12 receptor deficiency causes what?
Inheritance?
Dec Th1 response --> disseminated fungal and myobacterial infections
AR
109
What CD on macrophages recognizes LPS?
CD14
110
What treats M.S.?
IFN-beta
111
Chronic transplant rejection due to what?
What type HS?
CD4+ T cells respond to recipient APCs, including MHC
2 and 4
112
What does FGF do?
Angiogenesis
| Mediates skeletal development
113
What does the cortex of the thymus contain?
Medulla?
Immature T cells
Mature T cells and Hassall corpuscles containing epithelial reticular cells
114
Live attenuated vaccine induces what response?
Inactivated/killed?
Cellular and humoral
Humoral
115
What are all the B cell markers?
CD19, 20, 21, 40
| MHC II, B7
116
What HLA does R.A. Have?
DR4 --> 4 walls in a "room"
117
What causes fever, uticaria, proteinuria, LAD to occur 5-10 days after Ag exposure?
Due to what?
Serum sickness
Drugs
118
what makes up C3 convertase in alternative pathway?
C3bBb
119
What IL activates NK Cells?
IL-12
120
What is located within the medullary sinuses?
Reticular cells
| Macrophages
121
Ag variation in N.gonorrhea how?
Plus protein
122
Which MHC has Beta2-microglobulin?
MHC 1
123
Mycophenolate MOA?
Tx what?
SE?
Reversibly inhibits IMP dehydrogenase
Lupus nephritis
pancytopenia
124
What causes leukocytes and platelets to be unable to recognize actin cytoskeleton and presents w/thrombocytopenia, eczema, recurrent pyogenic infections?
Inheritance?
Findings?
Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome - mutation in WASp gene
X-linked recessive
fewer and smaller platelets
125
Positively selected T cells go where?
Negatively?
Thymic cortex
Thymic medulla
